1. The Market Revolution Chapter 9

2. Post War Market War of 1812 demonstrated inefficiencies in US gov’t: - dependent on foreign trade - immobile military Congressional decisions: - encourage nat’l independence - build transportation routes

3. Tariff act of 1816 Congress eases burden of dependence Tariff- duties imposed on imported goods. Tariff Act of 1816 - raised tariffs an average of 25% Discourages dependence on imported products - designed to protect American industries - helps avoid entanglements during foreign conflicts

4. In 1816, a Senate Committee reported that $9 would move a ton of goods across the 3,000 miles journey of the Atlantic from Britain to America; the same $9 would move the same ton of goods only 30 miles inland. Changes in transportation is needed Improvement in Transportation

5. Transportation Revolution By 1815, drastic improvements were made in transportation - better roads, canals, railroad, etc Congress authorized the “national road” - links east & west regions - made it easier for settlers & wagons to reach the west - increase mobility of armed forces

6. The National Road opened the the Midwest for settlement and commerce

7. Erie Canal (continue) construction began on the Erie Canal in 1817 (100 miles of canal in the US) By 1840, more than 3,000 miles existed. Transformed interior of New York into a prosperous commercial area

8. Erie Canal (continue) runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean entire canal was opened on October 26, 1825 363 miles long, 40 feet wide, and 4 feet deep Result: massive population surge in N.Y. - opened regions further west to increased settlement

9. US Railroads Connected cities to rivers and canals - 3,000 miles of railroad built between 1820 & 1840 - 30,000 miles by 1860 - rendered some canals obsolete Improvements in speed - journey from Ohio to N.Y. in 1815 took 52 days. Same route by 1850 took 6 days.

10. Railroads in the United States, 1840 and 1860

11. Industrial Revolution Market Revolution initiated the Industrial revolution Produced the beginnings of industry and the greatest period of growth in US history (1820-1870) South produced ¾ of the world’s cotton (p 258) - Dependent on slavery (4 million in US)