1. Sharecroppers/Tenant Farmers SharecropperTenant Farmer LANDOWNER PROVIDED THE LAND, HOUSE, TOOLS, ANIMALS, SEED AND FERTILIZER The workers would give the owner a share of the harvest Until workers sold their crops, owners gave meds, clothes, and supplies at high prices on credit leaving them in constant debt and no cash to spare Similar to sharecroppers, but TENANT FARMERS OFTEN OWNED THEIR OWN EQUIP. OR ANIMALS. MAY ACTUALLY MAKE A PROFIT AT YEAR’S END They bought their own seed and fertilizer Paid the owner a set amount of cash or agreed upon share at the end of the year.

2. Henry McNeal Turner AFRICAN AMERICAN ELECTED TO GEORGIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY (legislature) GAVE A PASSIONATE SPEECH PROTESTING THE EXPLUSION OF BLACK LEGISLATORS FROM THE GEORGIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY Born to a family that was free for 2 generations Worked for a Law firm @ age 15 who paid for education Received preaching license and traveled Organized African American troops during war, served as chaplain, worked with the AME Helped organize republican party and was elected to Constitutional Convention and Ga House of Reps Threats from the KKK and framed for fraud Became bishop of AME and started his own newspaper Black legislatures were instrumental in public education. Due to their efforts the constitution of 1868 called for free public education in the state of Georgia.

3. Henry McNeal Turner Quote I am here to demand my rights and to hurl thunderbolts at the men who would dare to cross the THRESHOLD of my manhood!

4. Reconstruction Plans Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Similarities of Lincoln and Johnson Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan  Automatic pardon if they took oath  When 10% of the state took oath, allowed back into U.S.  OFTEN CALLED THE 10% PLAN  High ranking officials had to receive a Presidential pardon  CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST LENIENT  High ranking southern military had to be pardoned  Did not want harsh punishments for south  Both required an oath  HIGH RANKING OFFICIALS AND OWNERS OF LAND WORTH $20,000 OR MORE WERE TO BE PARDONED BY THE PRESIDENT (MAIN DIFF. B/W HIS AND LINCOLN’S PLAN)  Southern states had to approve the 13 th amendment  States had to nullify their secession documents

5. Congressional Reconstruction Plan: What did many members of Congress believe about the Southern states who seceded? – CONFEDERATE STATES SHOULD BE PUNISHED What acts did the plan pass? – Civil Rights Act 1866 (a result of the black codes) and the 14 th amendment What did they require all southern states to do to be readmitted into the Union? – APPROVE OR RATIFY THE 14 TH AMENDMENT What did the Military Reconstruction Act do? Why was it implemented by Congress? – PLACED CONFEDERATE STATES UNDER MILITARY RULE BECAUSE THEY WOULD NOT RATIFY THE 14 TH AMENDMENT – THE SOUTH WOULD NOT RATIFY THE 14 TH AMENDMENT

6. The Radical Republicans What was the Radical Republican movement? – MOVEMENT WHICH FAVORED INCREASED INTERVENTION IN THE SOUTH AND MORE AID TO FORMER SLAVES – LED BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

7. 4- Political Cartoons Thomas Nast was a well renowned political cartoonist and author. He was a republican supporter and fought corruption. Worked for Harper’s Bizarre magazine was a political magazine published in New York.

8. Cartoon One

9. Cartoon Two

10. 5- Black Codes Read about the Black Codes on page 302- 303 and answer the questions. 1. How did the Black Codes violate the 13th amendment? Couldn’t vote or testify against whites 2.What was the purpose of the black codes in southern states? restrict rights of freedmen 3.List some of the regulations provided by the Black Codes in Georgia? employment, whipping as punishment, poor labor periods, 4.How were jobless freedmen affected by the codes? fearing imprisonment, they were forced to take whatever jobs they could regardless of pay or conditions 5.What was Congress’ response to the Black Codes (under Congressional Reconstruction section)? Passed the Civil Rights Acts of 1866, giving citizenship and equal protection of law

11. Primary Source. What is the source of the document? (look at the ENTIRE document) Black Code for Opelousas, Louisiana When were the Black Codes written? Who do you think wrote these laws? July 7, 1865 What regulations do you find to be the most shocking or offensive? Explain why. Opinion (answers may vary): Curfew 10 pm, time restriction to enter the town, no fire arms, permission to preach List three things that freed men and women were not allowed to do according to the codes. Carry guns, can’t sell or barter without permission, can’t be within city limits at certain times What were the punishments given if the regulations were not followed? prison, work labor, or fines Who do the Codes apply to and who is charged with enforcing them? All freedmen and women. Enforced by the mayor or president of the board Why would white Southerners pass laws that controlled the movement of African Americans? What would happen if African Americans left the South in huge numbers? Fear. Segregation. Racial bias How do these laws help you to understand what life was like in Louisiana and other Southern states after the Civil War? Opinion How did Louisiana’s Black Codes compare to Georgia’s code that were described in your textbook? Similar to Louisiana, but the codes document gave more description

12. Amendments 13 th : – ABOLISHED SLAVERY 14 th – GRANTED CITIZENSHIP TO FREEDMEN 15 th – ALL MALE CITIZENS RECEIVED THE RIGHT TO VOTE

13. Freedmen’s Bureau What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau? – TO HELP FORMER BLACK SLAVES AND POOR WHITES. – THEY PROVIDED FOOD, CLOTHES, HOUSING AND MEDICAL CARE. – HELPED ESTABLISH PUBLIC SCHOOLS

14. Issues that plagued the Bureau List the accomplishments of the Bureau  Underfunded  Understaffed  Violence (KKK)  Corrupt and incompetent agents  Fed millions  Built hospitals  Provided medical care  Negotiated labor contracts  Legalized marriages  Located lost family  Established many school

15. Freedmen’s Bureau Was former confederate land reissued to freedmen? – No, the land was restored to its previous owners What modern day agency did the Freedmen’s Bureau introduce to today’s federal government? – social welfare and labor relations