1. Reconstruction January 20, 2015

2. After the war… When the Civil War ended in _____, many soldiers on both sides went home to drastic changes In the _____, many men had died or were captured and had not returned In the south, the _________ was devastated, the money ________, and many men were either dead or missing

3. Standard: SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. a. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens

4. Civil War Prisons - Andersonville During the war, those who weren’t killed in battle were often taken _________ by the other side A notorious prison that housed Union soldiers was in _______________ There was not enough ______________________ for all the prisoners housed there After the war, the director of the prison was executed for ________________ The federal government made the site of the prison a _________________ where 13,700 Union soldiers are buried

5. Putting the country back together… During the closing days of the Civil War, President Lincoln had developed a _____ to ________ the South and ________ seceded states to the union as quickly as possible This process was known as _______________ There were 3 major Reconstruction plans

6. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Lincoln’s plan had ___ major steps: –First: ___ southerners, except for high-ranking Confederate leaders, would be ___________ after taking an oath of ____________ to the United States –Second: when _____ of the voters in each state had taken that oath, the state would be permitted to form a legal ___________ and ______ the Union

7. Congressional Reconstruction Plan Unfortunately, Lincoln was _______________ before his plan went into effect Many members of ____________ felt that the South should be __________ for starting the war They felt like the South should be treated like a __________ country Congress pushed the new president, _____________________, to enact ________ measures against the South

8. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan At first, Johnson’s plan was not that much _________ than Lincoln’s –He expanded the list of people who would not receive a general pardon However, he soon bowed to Congressional pressure and added more requirements for the South to rejoin the Union –Southern states had to first approve the ___________________ –They also had to ________ their ordinances of __________ –They also must promise not to repay those that financed the Confederate war effort

9. 13 th Amendment During and after the war, ___ new amendments were added to the U.S. Constitution –The ___________________ Amendments are known as the ________________ Amendments The _____ Amendment officially abolished _________ in the U.S. It was passed in January 1865 Southern states had to ________ (approve) this amendment before being allowed __________ into the Union

10. 14 th Amendment This amendment granted _____________ to ___________ and forbade any state from denying anyone _____________________ –It was passed in 1866 and ratified in 1868 It was passed in response to _______________, which were laws that had been passed in many southern states in 1865 that _________ the _______ of freedmen

11. 15 th Amendment The ____ Amendment granted all ____________ the right to _____ regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” It was passed in 1869, and ratified in 1870

12. Black Legislators In _____, African-Americans _______ for the first time in Georgia ____ African-Americans were elected to the Georgia house and ____ were elected as Georgia senators _________________ was one of the black men elected to the Georgia senate However, in 1868, all were ___________ on the grounds that even though the Constitution gave them the right to vote, it did not give them the right to hold ______________

13. Freedom for slaves With the end of the war, slaves were ______ in the South They faced huge ___________ –Most were __________, __________, and had little more than the clothes on their back In an effort to _____ the newly freed slaves, the US government established the _______________________ in 1865

14. Freedmen’s Bureau The official title is the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands At first, the purpose was to _____ both _______________ and _______________ cope by offering them clothing, food, and other necessities After a while, the focus __________ to only helping the ________________ adjust to their new lives An important focus was ___________ –The Bureau established primary schools, industrial schools, and teacher-training schools

15. A struggling economy With the freedom of the slaves, farmers and planters needed people to _____ their land There were many former slaves and landless whites that needed jobs There were ___ options available: ________________________________

16. Sharecropping This option was available to workers who had _________ to offer except their ______ Workers would _____ on the land and the ___________ provided the land, tools, animals, seed, and fertilizer The workers would _____ the owner a share of the harvest They had to buy everything on ________ until the money from the harvest came in However, after giving owners their share and paying their bills, most workers had very little left over for their own and most stayed in constant ______

17. Tenant Farming Tenant farming was similar to sharecropping except the workers would have their _____ equipment, seeds, and fertilizer After the harvest, tenants would _____ the owners a set amount of cash or a part of the harvest Because they owned more of their own _________ than sharecroppers, they often made a small ________

18. Ku Klux Klan During Reconstruction, the _______________ became a force in Georgia –It started as a social club in TN for returning soldiers, but eventually evolved into a ________ group The Klan’s main purpose was to keep _____________ from exercising their new __________________, especially the right to ______ Many freedmen were ______________ when they went to the polls to _____ There were many reports of beatings, whippings, and even murder

19. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

20. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

21. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

22. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

23. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

24. Questions: 1) What was Andersonville? 2) What were conditions like at Andersonville? 3) How many Reconstruction plans were there? 4) What were the 2 major steps of Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan? 5) How did the U.S. Congress feel about the South after the war? 6) What did Johnson add to the Reconstruction plan? 7) What did the 13 th Amendment do? 8) What did the 14 th Amendment do? 9) What did the 15 th Amendment do? 10) Who was elected to the Georgia senate but eventually expelled? 11) What was the original purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau 12) What was an important focus for the Freedmen’s Bureau 13) What were the 2 options available to farmers after the war? 14) What is sharecropping? 15) What is tenant farming? 16) What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?