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How Cells Make More Cells The CELL CYCLE is the process by which cells divide to make new cells. There are three main stages to this cycle. They are: 1.Interphase.

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Presentation on theme: "How Cells Make More Cells The CELL CYCLE is the process by which cells divide to make new cells. There are three main stages to this cycle. They are: 1.Interphase."— Presentation transcript:

1 How Cells Make More Cells The CELL CYCLE is the process by which cells divide to make new cells. There are three main stages to this cycle. They are: 1.Interphase 2.Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) 3.Cytokinesis

2 I. Interphase This part takes the longest amount of time of all of the stages of cell division. Here’s what’s going on: The cell grows- doubles in size, organelles get bigger or more of them are produced. The cell copies it’s DNA-This is called REPLICATION. Now there’re two sets. The cell prepares to divide- some structures needed for division are made.

3 II. Mitosis Mitosis is when the cell’s nucleus actually divides and each new cell (called daughter cells) gets a copy of the DNA. 1.Prophase: chromosomes (rod-shaped) form from chromatin, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers form.

4 2. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell. Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at the centromere (a structure that holds the chromatids together).

5 3. Anaphase The centromeres split. The two chromatids move toward opposite ends of the cell. The cell begins to stretch out.

6 4. Telophase Chromosomes start losing their rod-like shape and begin looking like chromatin again. The nuclear membrane begins to reform around the chromosomes.

7 III. Cytokinesis This is the stage in which the cell completes the formation of two new daughter cells. Animal Cells: New organelles are distributed. Cell membrane pinches around the middle into forming two new cells.

8 Plant Cells: This is a little different because plant cells have a cell wall. A cell plate forms between the two daughter cells and this forms a new cell membrane. New cell walls form around the cell membranes.

9 Timeframe for the cell cycle in a human liver cell I. Interphase: 21 hours –Growth: 9 hours –DNA Replication: 10 hours –Preparation for Division: 2 hours II. Mitosis –Prophase –Metaphase –Anaphase –Telophase III. Cytokinesis 1 hour TOTAL

10 What Does this Look Like? http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm


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