1. Animal Nutrition and Feeding Trials Lessons Learned Shaukat Ali Bhatti Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Presented on 07.07.2012 at UVAS, Lahore

2. Lessons learned??? Holistic approach Not only STAT but it is more than that STAT is just one part of that Focus on STAT General lessons: from planning to publishing Specific lessons Success stories? Self criticism? Probably yes, so you don’t repeat ‘Less important’ that are otherwise very important

3. The biggest lesson I have learnt YOU LEARN EVERY DAY

4. Do you know what is the biggest lesson of History? No body has learned a lesson from History

5. Specific Lessons?

6. Taking a representative sample Weighing Animals Feed samples (moisture contents? weighing after drying) Chemicals (extreme care) Dealing with international researchers: Follow the standard protocols Animal Handling while taking blood samples Ethical issues Monitoring the research / student Working with own hands rather than being a consultant

7. Objective Hypothesis Review of literature Methodology Execution Data collection Data organization/data entry Stat analysis Presenting /reporting data Drawing inferences Publishing and presenting

8. Objectives Saving Jobs? Completing degrees?

9. Examples of objectives : Less Focused To increase income of the farmers…. To make the country self sufficient in quality mutton To improve performance of native birds through balanced feeding To increase milk production in the country To export meat to the foreign countries

10. Focused objectives To compare feed efficiency and egg quality of molted WLH and LSB layer in their third production cycle To see the effect of stage of maturity on digestibility of DM and NDF in sorghum/ barseem To study the Influence of DCAD on seasonality of buffaloes To determine the effect of bST and Enzose on DM intake, digestibility of nutrients, milk production and composition in buffaloes To study the veal production potential of Sahiwal calves To study the effect of weaning period and milk feeding regimens on post weaning growth performance of Sahiwal calves

11. Hypothesis? An assumption based some prior information Objective Potential of Sahiwal calves as veals under tropical environment Find cheaper feeding package for calves during weaning Chickpea flour and vegetable oil blend as ‘Milk replacer’ Hypothesis Sahiwal will perform better than X-breds under hot weather The calves may be able to digest protein and fats from vegetable origin from 4th week of their age (NRC, 2001)

12. Review of literature Importance Describes what has already been done in relevant field If work already done, don’t need to conduct research !!! Save money for other research project You can improve your research (NaHCO3 with Forage?) Example of research at UAF (every thesis novel?) Sources of information/knowledge Journals, reports (credibility issue) Internet? Use it with caution Use only peer reviewed journals/ reportes/proceedings

13. Methodology Is it valid to achieve the objectives Clear and repeatable Based on authentic/standard procedure Animals Techniques Treatments spacing of (Protein levels? Energy Levels?) Stat design Importance?

14. 14 STATISTICS Research tool Deals with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. Useful in drawing meaningful conclusions from a set of data You can make the data look the way you like, if you know how to do it ( misuse) Should know why you are using? Should have focused questions to answer Not reporting all possible relationships among all possible treatments

15. During Execution Data collection/recording Data organizing Post-execution STAT Analysis After STAT analysis Managing the stat analysis output Transferring to Excel spread sheet Tables: What is required? Graphs: Why not all tables? Description and interpretation

16. Describing Graphs and Tables Discussion part Drawing inferences

17. Publishing research Journal format Pictures Tables Uploading Answering to the Reviewer’s comments

18. Must know the format and differences in Research paper Abstract and Oral presentation

19. Was I able to communicate what I have learned? Did it add to your knowledge? How could have I improved it for a better knowledge sharing? Suggest, please LAST SLIDE