1. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Bell Ringer 2-3-16 Pick up a copy of the “Old Age and Dying” notes Get out a blank sheet of paper

2. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Adults who care for their children as well as their parents belong to the “sandwich generation” and face unique care-giving challenges. Adults are living longer. Young adults are marrying later and starting families later. Few professional caregivers are available. About 20 million Americans belong to the sandwich generation. What Creates the Sandwich? Case Study: The Sandwich Generation Changes in work hours Stress Financial difficulties Less attention for spouses and children Renewed attachment to parents Effects on Caregivers

3. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What do you think? What strain can shouldering responsibility for both one’s children and one’s aging parents place on a family? Do you think children should be expected to take care of their elderly parents? Why or why not?

4. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

5. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

6. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Lesson Objective: 1.What are we learning? We’re learning about the process and challenges of aging. 2.Why is it important? You’re all going to die someday. 3.How will I know when I’ve learned it? When you can answer all the DOL questions. 4.How does it connect to my life? Someone you know will die soon.

7. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Young Adulthood Young adulthood is characterized by becoming independent from parental authority and trying new ways of doing things. Many young adults form lasting relationships and marry. Although most young couples marry because they are in love, many marriages in the United States end in divorce. Section 1 at a Glance

8. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reading Focus What are some of the characteristics and goals of young adulthood? Why are marriage and relationships important parts of young adulthood? How does divorce affect parents and children? Main Idea During young adulthood, most men and women become independent, begin careers, and develop meaningful relationships. Young Adulthood

9. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Why do some married couples come to look like each other?

10. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Young adulthood is characterized by a desire to try new things and by changing relationships with parents. Once young adults reach their 30s, they often reevaluate the decisions they have made about their course in life. Reassessment may bring major life changes. Reassessment Characteristics and Goals The mid- to late-30s are often characterized by settling down or “planting roots.” Settling Down

11. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

12. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: reevaluate the decisions they have made about their course in life Analyze Why do many men and women reassess their lives in their 30s? Reading Check

13. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The development of an identity—who you are and what you stand for—is an important part of adolescence and young adulthood. In most Western societies, patriarchy has dominated marriage, but now spouses are more likely to be viewed as equal partners. The concept of marrying for love emerged in the 1800s. Today companionship and intimacy are central to marriage. History of Marriage Marriage and Relationships Today young Americans typically select their own spouses. Influences over the choice include ethnicity, level of education, social class, religion, and similarity in age, values, and attitudes. Choosing Spouses

14. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Click on the image above to play the Interactive.

15. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: Marriage today may be based on equality between spouses, while marriage in the past may have been based on patriarchy. In addition, marriage today may be based on romantic love, while marriage in the past may have been based on the benefits for families. Compare How does marriage today compare with marriage in the past? Reading Check

16. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Costs of Divorce Financial resources are usually divided in a divorce. Divorced mothers often have primary responsibility for children. Divorced fathers often have to pay child support and alimony. Most divorced people recover and the majority remarry. Reasons for Divorce One reason divorce is a common occurrence is because obtaining a divorce is easier than it used to be. People may divorce due to spousal abuse, child abuse, infidelity, stress, or an inability to communicate. Divorce

17. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Children of Divorce Divorce can be difficult for children, no matter what their age. Children of divorced people are more likely to have behavioral problems, engage in substance abuse, and earn lower grades in school. Boys often have greater problems than girls in adjusting to divorce. Psychologists usually advise parents who are getting divorced to: –Try to agree on how they will interact with their children –Help each other maintain a good parent-child relationship –Avoid criticizing each other to or in front of their children

18. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

19. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: People may divorce due to spousal abuse, child abuse, infidelity, stress, or an inability to communicate. Summarize Why do people divorce? Reading Check

20. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Middle Adulthood One of the greatest challenges facing middle-aged adults is retaining the ability to create, originate, and produce. During middle adulthood, many adults go through a period of reassessment and reevaluate what to do with the rest of their lives. Many middle-aged adults have to adjust to the changing needs of their children and deal with their own physical changes. Section 2 at a Glance

21. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reading Focus What is generativity? Why do many adults experience a midlife transition? What life changes do people face in middle adulthood? Main Idea During middle adulthood, men and women continue to be creative in their careers, family life, and community. They also face new life changes as they grow older. Middle Adulthood

22. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Is the midlife crisis a myth?

23. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Middle adulthood spans the years from 40 to 65. Erik Erikson said that the greatest challenge facing middle adults is generativity—the ability to create, originate, and produce. Generativity adds meaning to the lives of adults and helps them to maintain and enhance their self-esteem. Erikson believed that adults who are not generative can become stagnant, or unmoving. Generativity

24. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: Adults can maintain generativity by creating, originating, and producing; specific examples might include improving methods and relationships in the workplace, guiding younger people, voting, and community service. Identify Supporting Details How can adults maintain generativity? Reading Check

25. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The midlife transition is a period of middle adulthood when people’s perspectives change in a major way. Many people experience a midlife transition around the ages of 40 to 45. The midlife transition can trigger a second period of reassessment known as a midlife crisis. Journalist Gail Sheehy calls the years from 45 to 65 the “age of mastery.” Midlife Crisis or Age of Mastery? Transition The term middlescence is sometimes used to describe a period of searching that can resemble adolescence. Middlescence can involve a search for a second adulthood. Middlescence

26. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: period of middle adulthood when people’s perspectives change in a major way Summarize What is a midlife transition? Reading Check

27. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

28. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

29. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

30. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Menopause Menopause usually occurs in a woman’s late 40s or early 50s and is marked by the end of menstruation. Menopause is normal and can be a healthy development in women’s lives. Life Changes

31. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

32. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: Menopause may be considered abnormal or a disease; it is frequently associated with mood swings and irritability Make Generalizations Why do you think many people have a negative attitude toward menopause? Reading Check

33. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Late Adulthood Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help older adults reduce the impact of the physical changes they undergo. People age as their cells age and begin to malfunction. Cognitive changes, including memory decline, occur in late adulthood, but most older adults do quite well intellectually. Aging involves social changes that involve work, family, and living arrangements. Older adults who age successfully continue to believe that life is meaningful and full. Section 3 at a Glance

34. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What Do You Want to Do Before You Die? For each age (by the time I’m 20, by the time I’m 30, etc.), write one goal that you would like to have reached by that point. MAKE SURE YOUR HANDWRITING IS CLEAR! Directions: Pick up a copy of the “Bucket List” paper off the table Bucket List!

35. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reading Focus What physical changes are part of late adulthood? Why do people age? What cognitive changes occur in late adulthood? How do social changes affect older adults? How can older adults age successfully? Main Idea Late adulthood is a time of many changes—physical, cognitive, and social. The ways in which older adults handle all these changes can determine how successfully they age. Late Adulthood

36. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What's the secret of long life?

37. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Age 65 marks the beginning of late adulthood. Many physical changes take place in late adulthood. Some physical changes cause health problems. Older adults can do many things to maintain their health, strength, and energy. Regular exercise and a healthful diet can help older adults feel better and help them fight disease. Ageism: prejudice against older adults Physical Changes

38. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: Older adults can exercise and eat healthy diets to maintain their health and strength. Identify Supporting Details What can older adults do to help maintain their health and strength? Reading Check

39. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the most severe type of dementia. It affects about 10 percent of people over the age of 65 and nearly half of those over the age of 85. It is a disease and not a normal part of aging. Senile Dementia Dementia is the serious loss of cognitive functioning. Cognitive Changes

40. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

41. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

42. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Ego Integrity Erik Erikson believed that one challenge facing people in late adulthood is how they maintain ego integrity—the belief that life is meaningful and worthwhile even when physical abilities are not what they used to be. The decremental model of aging holds that progressive physical and mental decline is inevitable with age Successful Aging

43. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Death and Dying A much criticized theory states that the stages of dying include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Dying people need support, relief from pain, and a dignified end. Funerals help the living celebrate the life of the deceased and cope with sadness. Section 4 at a Glance

44. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reading Focus What are the stages of dying? How can people help a loved one die with dignity? How do people deal with death? Main Idea People deserve to die with dignity and the support of those who love them. After someone dies, the living often depend on religious beliefs and traditional customs to cope with their sadness. Death and Dying

45. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What message would you leave behind?

46. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross theorized there are five stages through which many dying people pass. The stages are –Denial –Anger –Bargaining –Depression –Acceptance Kübler-Ross’s theory has met with considerable criticism. Psychologist Edwin Shneidman has not found that feelings about dying follow a particular sequence. Another problem is that the theory may tempt people to ignore the uniqueness of each individual’s experiences at the end of life. Stages of Dying

47. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: It is falsely sequential and ignores the uniqueness of each individual’s experiences at the end of life. Analyze Why has Kübler-Ross’s theory been criticized? Reading Check

48. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. On your “free response” sheet, write TWO quotes that a person might say during each of the stages of grief. One example is provided. No, you cannot use it. The stages are –Denial: “These lab results must be a mistake.” –Anger –Bargaining –Depression –Acceptance Stages of Dying

49. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Euthanasia Euthanasia is illegal in most states. Many people support making it legal with clear restrictions. Others argue that no one has the right to take a life, even one’s own. The Hospice Alternative Some dying people enter a hospice, a homelike place where dying people and their families receive physical and emotional support to help them cope with terminal illness. Dying with Dignity

50. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

51. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Funeral The funeral is a traditional way to acknowledge that a member of the community has died. Funerals reflect religious beliefs and cultural practices. Funerals are a way of saying good-bye to the deceased. They provide a way to remember and celebrate the life of the deceased. Dealing with Death

52. Adulthood Original Content Copyright by HOLT McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Write a one page paper that discusses the pros and cons of euthanasia. You must use the following terms in your paper: Ageism Decremental model of aging Hospice Euthansia