2 nd Manassas/Bull Run John Pope Robert E. Lee August 29-30, 1862

Ft. Sumter April 12, 1861

A. B > D. E. C. April, 12, 1861 July, 21, 1861 Spring / Summer 1862 Sept, Aug 29-30, 1862 Eastern Theatre Western Theatre

Location 2 nd Manassas D.C. Richmond

Review: End of the Peninsula Campaign Even though McClellan had been defeated, his army was still in a strategic location, just 25 miles from Richmond and on a supply line it could keep open (it would be 1864 before the Federals got this close to Richmond again) One course would have been for Lincoln to keep the army where it was and remove the commander Instead, Lincoln ordered the Army of the Potomac to withdraw from the Peninsula Ultimately, most of the Army of the Potomac would come under the command of John Pope as the Army of Virginia John Pope Union General

McClellan slowly moving off Peninsula McClellan has a much of the army moving slowly back from the peninsula Will not send help to Pope when he needs it. McClellan Union General

Slow Retreat McCLellan

End of the Peninsula Campaign and Lee ’ s Offensive As soon as Lee ascertained the army was withdrawing from the Peninsula, he went after Pope in northern Virginia Lee ordered his army to move the day of the Union withdraw and before the first divisions of the Army of the Potomac had landed at Aquia Creek, Lee had raced north and had Pope surrounded just south of Manassas Lee Pope Union Landing The Union Landing didn’t happen yet…but would. Speed was critical to attack Pope before reinforcement would arrive at Aquia Creek.

Second Manassas/Bull Run Pope had been trying to relieve pressure on McClellan by operating against Confederate rail communications at Gordonsville and Charlottesville His forces were largely in defensive positions along the Rappahannock River When Lee realized McClellan was withdrawing, he boldly ordered Jackson to break things open by leading his 24,000 men on a wide swing around Pope ’ s right to strike his supply lines and cut his communications with Washington

Lee and the Turning Movement The Peninsula confirmed Lee ’ s belief in the turning movement and was the beginning of his partnership with Jackson Lee learned during the Seven Days the wisdom of “ not attacking [the Federals] in their strong and chosen positions. They ought always to be turned. ” He told Jackson, it was “ to save you the abundance of hard fighting that I ventured to suggest for your consideration not to attack the enemy ’ s strong points, but to turn his position… I would rather you have easy fighting and heavy victories. ” Pope would be the first victim of this wisdom

Jackson Lures Pope Out

Second Manassas/Bull Run Jackson marched 51 miles in two days, struck Manassas Junction, and then withdrew to a defensive position and waited for Lee to arrive with the rest of the army Pope ordered his scattered forces to concentrate near Centreville to counter Jackson and to be ready to receive McClellan ’ s reinforcements In the meantime, Longstreet arrived with 28,000 men and took positions on Jackson ’ s right

Second Manassas/Bull Run On Aug 30, 1862 Pope attacked with the 7,000 men he expected to use to finish off Jackson (who he thought was beaten and withdrawing) In reality, Pope was advancing into the jaws of a trap Jackson had not retreated at all but was standing fast with 18,000 men Concealed at a right angle was Longstreet with 28,000 fresh soldiers

Second Manassas/Bull Run Jackson not only held but forced the Federals to fall back Lee unleashed Longstreet and the jaws of the Confederate trap closed on Pope The Federals suffered 14,462 casualties (the Confederates 9,474) Pope was transferred to Minnesota and the Army of Virginia was disbanded and incorporated into McClellan ’ s Army of the Potomac Lee is going to build on this victory to invade Maryland

Overview: 2 day battle [August 29-30,1862] First Day: Jackson and Pope fight to a stalemate Over night Longstreet moves in to Jackson’s Right Pope doesn’t know Longstreet is there and attacks Pope’s men are shredded!

Huge CSA Victory 22,000 Casualties 13,500 Union 8,500 Confederate Worst blood bath in the East!!!

All star Team of CSA Commanders after 2 nd Manassas Lee Longstreet Jackson J.E.B. Stuart

Up Next… Antietam/Sharpsburg, MD Emancipation Proclamation