Kingdom Fungi What do you call a mushroom who likes to party? A FUN GUY!!

Evolutionary path to Kingdom Fungi

A. General Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic – have a nucleus Heterotrophic – Most are decomposers – Some parasites – Some symbionts Uni-cellular OR multicellular

A. General Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi Cell walls typically contain chitin (also seen in crab shells!) Both asexual (spores, budding, fragmentation) and sexual reproduction (involves mating of +/- types)

B. General Structure & Function of Fungi

PartDefinitionInvolvement w/ fungi structure HyphaeBranching filamentsMany branching filaments make up fungus. Coenocytic – hyphae that lack cross walls! MyceliumThick mass of tangled hyphaeMake up body of fungus Stalk/stypeHolds the fruiting body (cap & gills) above ground GillsFeatherlike structure under capLined with structures that will make many spores SporesA single celled structure that will germinate to form hyphae Starting cell for new hyphae Cell WallRigid structure that surrounds cell membrane Outer boundary of fungal cells ChitinComplex carbohydrate (found on insect exoskeleton) Make up cell walls of most hyphae CelluloseComplex carbohydrate (found in plant cell walls) Make up cell walls of some hyphae

Fungus developing from a spore

C. Reproduction and General Life Cycle Definitions: a)Sporangium – a structure that contains spores b)Gametangia – a gamete-forming structure produced when the hyphae of opposing mating types meet c)Diploid – contains a double set of chromosomes from each mating type (2N) -same as human body cells

C. Reproduction and General Life Cycle d) Haploid – contains a single set of chromosomes that is a combination of info received from parents. (ex. Human gametes) - creates unique organisms that are NOT exactly like their parents  important for evolution *both types of reproduction (sexual and asexual) are found in the life cycle of a fungus “ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS”

1) Asexual Reproduction Production of spores OR Fragmentation of hyphae (cut off piece  grows into new hyphae)

2) Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 mating types (+ and -) rather than sexes 1)Hyphae (N) of 2 mating types meet 2)Each hyphae forms a “gametangium” (N) 3)Gametangia (N) fuse to become a diploid (2N) structure 4)These 2N nuclei quickly undergo meiosis to gorm a hyphae (N). This new hyphae is a mix of original 2 mating types 5)The hyphae (N) forms a sporangium (N) and through asexual reproduction, thousands of spores (N) are made

Diagram of Basic Fungi Life Cycle

Phylum Oomycota “Water molds” Unicellular OR multicellular Mostly aquatic Coenocytic Cell walls contain cellulose (similar to plant-like protists) Asexual reproduction – Produce flagellated spores that swim Sexual reproduction – Special structures produce sperm & egg Feed off of fish or organic matter in water

Phylum Oomycota “Water molds”

Phylum Zygomycota “Common Mold” Most are parasites – Some decomposers Cell walls lack chitin Hyphae lack cross walls Asexual reproduction – Spores Sexual reproduction – Thick walled zygote “zygospore” Grows on bread

Phylum Zygomycota “Common Mold”

Phylum Ascomycota “Sac Fungus” Some decomposers, some parasites Cell walls of chitin Coenocytic – perforated cross walls Asexual reproduction – Spores or budding Sexual reproduction – Produces ascospores

Phylum Ascomycota “Sac Fungus”

Phylum Basidiomycota “Club Fungi” In soil, on trees feeding on dead, decaying matter Cell walls of chitin Coenocytic Asexual reproduction – Spores Sexual reproduction – Basidiospores on basidia

Phylum Basidiomycota “Club Fungi”

Phylum Deuteromycota “Imperfect Fungi” Parasites Cell walls of chitin Similar to ascomycota, basidiomycota and zygomycota BUT – Sexual reproduction never observed!

Phylum Deuteromycota “Imperfect Fungi”