Chapter 2: Antacids

Antacids This chapter will introduce the chemistry needed to understand how antacids work.  Section 2.1: Types of Matter  Section 2.2: Naming Chemicals  Section 2.3: Writing Formulas  Section 2.4: Acids & Bases  Section 2.5: Characteristics of Acids & Bases  Section 2.6: Chemical Reactions  Section 2.7: Balancing Chemical Equations  Section 2.8: Speeding up Chemical Reactions

Antacids Mixture Are a Compounds Chemical Formulas Chemical Formulas Collision Theory Acids & Bases Chemical Reactions Of different Symbolized with Some are Balanced Chemical Equations undergo Symbolized with Used in Speed governed by

Why do we need antacids? Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food. Too much causes heartburn, ulcers and can damage your esophagus.

Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors Acid InhibitorsAntacids Neutralizes the acid currently in your system Controls the amount of acid your body produces There are two types of medicines you can use. Work quickly but your body will make more acid again Long-term solution, but needs to build up in your system to be most effective Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®, Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ® Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid AC ® Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?

Section 2.1—Types of Matter

Matter can be classified Matter Pure Substances ElementCompound Mixtures Homogeneous (Solutions) Heterogeneous

Matter Anything that has ________ and takes up space Anything made from __________ Examples:  Molecules  Cells  People  Air  Water

Pure Substances versus Mixtures MixturesPure Substances Every piece of matter is the same; represented by a symbol or a formula More than one type of matter mixed together; composition can vary Matter is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.

Elements versus Compounds CompoundElements Every atom is the ___________ type of atom More than one type of atom chemically bonded together. Every __________ is the same. Pure substances are either elements or compounds

Elements ____________ substance Every atom is the same. Elements can be found on the periodic table! Element Single Atom Cannot be separated by chemical or physical processes

Compounds Pure substance Every ___________ is the same. Compound Single Molecule Made of more than one type of atom bonded together Can be separated by chemical reactions only

Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogeneous (aka “solution”) It looks the same throughout. Examples: Different matter can be seen (chunks, bubbles, floaties, layers, etc.). Examples: Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Mixtures -Not a pure substance -_________________ combination of more than 1 type of pure substance Mixture >1 different type of matter Can be separated chemically or physically

Mixture possibilities Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases:  Solid-solid: Medicine tablet  Solid-gas: Pop Rocks candy  Solid-liquid: Ice water  Liquid-liquid: Lemon water  Gas-Liquid: Carbonated water  Gas-Gas: Air

True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions ColloidTrue Solution Particles don’t settle out and are too small to scatter light Particles don’t settle out but are large enough to scatter light Suspension Particles will settle out over time Dissolved Particle Size Increases

Particles Scattering Light If the dissolved particles are large enough to scatter light, we say it exhibits the “Tyndall Effect” Solution Light passes through unchanged Colloids exhibit the Tyndall Effect Light is scattered by larger solute particles

Connect these concepts with Antacids What type of matter do you think antacids are? Choices…  Pure substance (Element or compound)?  Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)?

Connect these concepts with Antacids Antacids are _________________. They contain active & inactive ingredients. What purposes could the inactive ingredients serve?

Connect these concepts with Antacids Inactive ingredients might  Add enough volume to make the pill able to be handled.  Add color.  Add flavor.  Allow the tablet to be compressed and formed.

Let’s Practice Tin foil Example: Determine if each is element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures Copper pipe Concrete Carbon tetrachloride Sports drink