Monday, September 21 1)Power Point study guide: “Factors That Influence the Climate of the Earth (Part I)” 2)“The Earth-Sun Relationship and the Climate” worksheet Get out a pen or pencil, a blank sheet of Notebook paper and clear everything else off of your desk. Update Grade Sheet: 4) Unit One Test 09/10

Melbourne, Australia What appears to be unusual about Melbourne’s annual climate, relative to our annual climate patterns?

the earth’s “air” the earth’s “surface” the earth’s “living organisms” the earth’s “water” FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLIMATES OF THE EARTH MAIN IDEA: Over the next two day we are going to identify and examine the various factors that influence the “climate” of a region.

DIRECTIONS: Write and circle a #2 and your heading at the top of your study guide. We will be completing only the front side today.

Climate is a significant factor in describing the geography of places/ regions on the earth. Why?

Because the climate of a place/ region affects the way that people in an area live! Remember, what we are interested in is how people adapt to their unique physical environment.

Let’s first start by examining the difference between “weather” and “climate” (they describe two different things):

Weather: describes conditions of the atmosphere in one place during a short period of time. “Weather” describes what it is like outside right now: hot, cold, dry, rainy, humid, cloudy, sunny, etc). “Weather” can suddenly change from day to day.

Climate: describes the weather patterns typical for an area over long periods of time. Unlike “weather”, climate does not suddenly change from day to day.

Summer Winter Fall Spring Think of South Texas’ “climate” in terms of its seasons. Today we are going to examine one of the main factors that influences the climate of the Earth.

It takes 365 days for the earth complete one orbit around the sun. However, as the earth orbits the sun are the direct rays of the sun shining on the same line of latitude at every date of the year? Why?

…because the earth rotates 23.5° on its axis. As a result, as the Earth orbits the sun, different regions (latitudes) of the Earth receives more of the sun’s direct rays throughout the year.

June 21 December 22 On June 21 which hemisphere would have a warmer climate? Why?

June 21 December 22 On June 21 which hemisphere would have a warmer climate? Why? * The Northern Hemisphere– the Northern Hemisphere is receiving more of the direct rays of the sun and thus more of the sun’s energy'.

Because the earth is tilted on its axis, not all places (latitudes) on earth receive the same amount of direct sunlight as it orbits around the sun. MAIN CAUSE OF THE EARTH’S CHANGING SEASONS / ANNUAL CLIMATE

June 21 December 22 On December 22 which hemisphere would have a warmer climate? Why? June 21

December 22 On December 22 which hemisphere would have a warmer climate? * The Southern Hemisphere. Why? SEASON??? Because the Southern Hemisphere is receiving more of the Sun’s direct rays and as a result would be warmer than the Northern Hemisphere.

June 21 December 22 On the two dates below, what parts of the earth are receiving the direct rays of the sun? (In other words, which latitudes of the earth are closest to the sun?)

June 21 December 22 Solstice: the day on which the direct rays of the sun are at either the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) or the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S). These lines of latitude are the farthest north (23.5°N) and south (23.5°S) that receive the direct rays of the Sun.

June 21 December 22 Summer Winter The Solstice also marks the beginning a new season (“Summer” or “Winter”) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

As the month of September goes on, what is happening to the length of the day (in terms of daylight)?

What about for this city?

On December 21, which hemisphere would have the longest day (in terms of daylight)?

Has daylight 24 hours a day Has darkness 24 hours a day Has daylight 24 hours a day Has darkness 24 hours a day

* June 21December 22 March 21 September 23 On March 21 and September 23, what parts (latitudes) of the Earth are receiving the direct rays of the Sun?

* June 21December 22 March 21 September 23 Equinox: the two dates when the sun’s rays are shining directly on the equator.

* June 21December 22 March 21 September 23 The Equinox also marks the beginning a new season (“Spring” or “Fall”) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

June 21 September 23 December 22 March 21 ? Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun though out the year.

* June 21 December 22 March 21 September 23 Label the “seasons” for the Northern Hemisphere and what line of latitude would be receiving the direct rays of the Sun.

* June 21 “Summer” Solstice December 22 “Winter” Solstice March 21 “Spring” Equinox September 23 “Fall” Equinox * Labels of seasons below refer to the seasons for the Northern Hemisphere Remember, the “seasons” would be reversed for the Southern Hemisphere.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CLIMATE the Earth’s orbit on its axis around the Sun Tomorrow we will identify and examine the other factors that influence the climate of a region/ place.

DIRECTIONS: 1)Place your study guide in section II of your Notebook. We will finish it tomorrow. 2)Get out a blank sheet of paper write your heading and the following title: “ The Earth-Sun Relationship and the Climate”

DIRECTIONS: 3) Answer the questions on the handout provided to you on your blank sheet of paper. Make sure you read the directions! Due before you leave.

* June 21 December 22 March 21 September 23

THE END

Melbourne, Australia What information is this graph illustrating?

…the Earth’s orbit around the Sun!

* June 21 ??? December 22 March 21 “Spring” Equinox September 23 * Labels of seasons below refer to the seasons for the Northern Hemisphere

* June 21 “Summer” Solstice December 22 March 21 “Spring” Equinox September 23 ??? * Labels of seasons below refer to the seasons for the Northern Hemisphere

* June 21 “Summer” Solstice December 22 ??? March 21 “Spring” Equinox September 23 “Fall” Equinox * Labels of seasons below refer to the seasons for the Northern Hemisphere

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLIMATES OF THE EARTH MAIN IDEA: Identify and describe how annual changes in the relationship between the Earth and the Sun affect the climate.

June 21 “Summer” Solstice * Labels of seasons refer to the Northern Hemisphere Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun

June 21 Summer Solstice September 23 “Fall” Equinox * Labels of seasons refer to the Northern Hemisphere Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun

June 21 Summer Solstice September 21 Fall Equinox December21 “Winter” Solstice * Labels of seasons refer to the Northern Hemisphere Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun

June 21 Summer Solstice September 23 Fall Equinox December 22 Winter Solstice March 21 “Spring” Equinox * Labels of seasons refer to the Northern Hemisphere Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun

June 21 Summer Solstice September 23 Fall Equinox December 22 Winter Solstice March 21 Spring Equinox ? * Labels of seasons refer to the Northern Hemisphere Parts of the Earth receiving the direct rays of the Sun

Where on the earth and on what dates would have an equal amount of daylight and night hours? Why?

What dates have an equal amount of daylight and night? Why? June 21 and September 21; because the direct rays of the sun are on the equator.