Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Chapter 3 Teams, teamwork and team dynamics 1

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Learning outcomes Describe and define the different types of team. Identify what helps and hinders effective teamwork. Discuss the potential benefits of working in an interprofessional team. Understand the key criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of teams. 2

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What is an interprofessional team? A team is a group of people who: share a common purpose and common goals have a clear understanding of each other’s roles and abilities are task oriented and have different, but complementary skills have a shared knowledge, skills and resource base, and collective responsibility for the outcome of their decisions composed of persons from differing professions and/or organizations who work together to benefit the patient and their significant others. 3

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What is teamwork? Essential characteristics of teamwork include: having a common purpose and common objectives delegation and empowerment different professional contributions having systems in place to facilitate effective communication coordination, cooperation and joint thinking focusing on the patient to provide the best means of serving patient/client interests allowing team members to carry out the team’s work and to manage itself as an independent group of people. 4

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 How does a team develop? Five stages of team development: Forming Storming Norming Performing adjourning (Tuckman and Jenson, 1977) 5

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What types of people are in teams? Benne and Skeats (1948, cited in Payne, 2000) divided team roles into three types: 1.those roles involving task functions 2.those roles involving maintenance functions 3. those roles involving the individual. 6

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Roles involving task functions 7

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Roles involving team maintenance 8

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Roles involving the individual 9

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What types of people are in teams? Belbin (1981) identified nine roles for a team to be successful and clustered them into nine team-role types. 1.Action-oriented roles: shaper, implementer and completer-finisher. 2. People-oriented roles: coordinator, teamworker and resource-investigator 3. Cerebral roles: plant, monitor evaluator and specialist. 10

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 How are teams described? Øvretveit’s (1997) model Model relates specifically to interprofessional working. Identifies four ways in which a team can be described. 1.Membership 2.Team process 3.Management structure 1.Integration 11

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 How are teams described? Katzenbach and Smith (1993) model Differentiates between different types of team and different levels of performance according to a performance curve. 12

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Different types of team and their different levels of performance 13

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What does an interprofessional team look like? Think about an interprofessional team you are involved in and list the members of the team. Time - 10 minutes 14

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 Primary care team 15 Diabetic specialist nursesAdministrative/ clerical staffReceptionists Occupational health nurses AudiologistsSchool nurse General practitionersParamedicsVoluntary agencies e.g. Age UK, Marie Curie Cancer Care Community nursesMacmillan nursesOptician Practice managersCommunity matronsHealth trainers Practice nursesHealth care assistantsDentist Nurse practitionersPodiatryPhysiotherapists Community midwivesCommunity pharmacistFalls prevention coordinator Health visitorsStoma nurseSocial workers Occupational therapistsArt therapistCounsellors

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What makes an interprofessional team an effective team? Clear team goal Open communication Support for innovation High levels of participation Clear roles and responsibilities Competent team members Effective time management Values diversity High levels of commitment Joint education and training Effective conflict resolution Moral support and team spirit 16

Jane Day, Interprofessional Working: An Essential Guide for Health & Social Care Professionals 2/e Nursing and Health Care Practice Series © Cengage Learning EMEA 2013 What have you learnt? Try answering the following questions: 1.What are the essential features of a team? 2.What are the essential characteristics of teamwork? 3.What are the five stages of team development? 4.List Belbin’s nine team roles, which he considered were necessary if a team was to be successful. 5.What factors contribute towards effective interprofessional teamwork? If you can’t answer any of the above read Chapter 3 and/or review this PowerPoint presentation. 17