EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The ELI project Extreme Light Infrastructure Wolfgang Sandner Max Born Institute and LASERLAB-EUROPE

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI will be the first laser research infrastructure world-wide which is the result of a co-ordinated effort of a multi-national scientific laser community. Other communities (high energy physics, synchrotrons, astronomy etc.) have long standing traditions in the operation of international user facilities. Lasers, having evolved 50 years ago from small table-top devices, are only now at the edge of such mode of operation, and ELI is the first installation world-wide to make that step. ELI White Book, 2011 What is ELI ?

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Why now? Why here (in Europe)? How will it be implemented? What are the challenges? ELI - the world‘s first truly international laser project on a trans-national scale.

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Why now? 50 years after the invention of the laser Theodore H. Maiman 1960

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The world seems ready for ELI (two orders of magnitude increase in intensity by 2015) New science is waiting A „logical“ answer E Q =m p c 2 Electron quiver energy 1 µm)‏ Ultra-relativistic Optics ELI E Q =m p c 2 Atomic ionization F > 1 au After G. Mourou

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI Mission ELI will extend the field of laser-matter interaction, now limited to the relativistic regime (a 0 ~1-10, which corresponds to intensities W/cm W/cm 2 ), into the ultra-relativistic regime a 0 ~ By means of relativistic effects, these extreme intensities will provide access to extremely short pulse durations in the attosecond or zeptosecond regime. Laser technology

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI will comprise 4 branches: Ultra-High-Field Science centred on direct physics of the unprecedented laser field strength, Attosecond Laser Science, which will capitalize on new regimes of time resolution, High-Energy Beam Facility, responsible for development and use of ultra-short pulses of high-energy particles and radiation stemming from the ultra-relativistic interaction, and Nuclear Physics Facility with ultra-intense laser and brilliant gamma beams (up to 19 MeV) enabling also brilliant neutron beam generation with a largely controlled variety of energies. New science

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Is the world ready for ELI? Chris Barty, P > 100TW

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Why here – in Europe? Europe 2006 Europe 2011

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner European Laser Community (Annual output) Integrated Infrastructure Network: Laserlab-Europe ESFRI Pan - European Research Infrastructures – the first international laser projects The basis Flexible instrument to perform and initiate new science beyond the national scale Mission-oriented single entities to meet global challenges ELI rests on a sound European basis

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Annual laser publications, per country ( ) Annual laser publications, per country ( ) The European academic basis

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Laser publications ( )

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The Infrastructure basis: Networking between national laboratories 27 laser infrastructures from 16 countries 13 subcontractors, 6 associate partners Participants from 19 European countries The European network of laser research infrastructures

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner LASERLAB II ( ): “Extending the European dimension” structuring and increasing the European basis of laser RIs, reaching out to new members states and new scientific communities, tackling the most important scientific challenges in laser research (5 JRAs), supporting the User community through a highly co- ordinated and quality-controlled Access programme 27 laser infrastructures from 16 countries 13 subcontractors, 6 associate partners Participants from 19 European countries LASERLAB III ( ) under negotiation

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ERA 2020 Vision As part of a real research eco-system, “major infrastructures should promote scientific excellence on a globally competitive basis. With rapid development of new distributed and e-infrastructures, they offer equitable access to world class modern research facilities and technology demonstrators” European science policy

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The ESFRI process and Roadmap Europen Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures A strategic instrument to develop the scientific integration of Europe and to strengthen its international outreach. Tuesday 3 May 2011

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The final ELI ingredient: a visionary proposal

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI implementation

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Steps for implementation A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on 16 April 2010 by the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. It is expected that other countries will soon join the MoU. Funding for the Pillar of the ELI Beamline Facility in the Czech Republic is approved, start of construction of the building is expected in September Commissioning of the completed facility and entry into operation is expected in late Negotiations on funding schemes for the ELIAtto-second and Photonuclear facilities from the respective national programmes of the Structural Funds of the EU are underway. ELI – the first Pan-European research Infrastructure in new Member States

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 20 ? G. Korn

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner 1. Generation of femtosecond secondary sources of radiation and particles - XUV and X-ray sources (monochromatic and broadband) - Accelerated electrons (2 GeV 10 Hz rep-rate, 100 GeV low rep-rate), protons ( MeV 10 Hz rep-rate, >3 GeV low-rep-rate) - Gamma-ray sources (broadband) 2. Programmatic applications of the femtosecond secondary sources - Medical research including proton therapy - Molecular, biomedical and material sciences - Physics of dense plasmas, WDM, laboratory astrophysics 3. High-field physics experiments with focused intensities Wcm -2 - Exotic plasma physics (e.g. electron-positron pair plasma), non-linear QED 4. Participation in prototyping technologies for the high-intensity pillar Compression & coherent superposition of multi-10-PW ultrashort pulses ELI Beamlines Mission Prague, CZ Courtesy B. Rus

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ALPS) Szeged, HU 1.Construction of a unique attosecond facility with additional sources spanning the THz…X-ray range for users 2. All of these wavelengths delivered in ultrashort (few-cycle) pulses and high repetition rates (10 Hz/PW…100 kHz/TW) 3. Sub-fs synchronization possibility between secondary sources 4. Possibility for novel pump-probe time-resolved experiments Courtesy P. Dombi

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner 1. atomic physics: valence electron science 2. atomic physics: core electron science 3. sub-atomic 4D imaging 4. attosecond high-field science 5. photon sources for biological/medical/industrial applications ELI-ALPS Science Courtesy P. Dombi

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI-NP will host two machines: - A very high intensity laser, where beams from two 10 PW Apollon type lasers are coherently added to get intensities of the order of W/cm 2 and electrical fields of V/m; - A very intense (10 13 γ/s), brilliant γ beam, 0.1 % bandwidth, with E v = 19 MeV, which is obtained by incoherent Compton back scattering of a laser light off a very brilliant, intense, classical electron beam (Ee = 600 MeV). The brilliant bunched electron beam will be produced by a warm linac using the X-band technology. ELI Nuclear Physics Margurele, Romania Courtesy D. Ursescu

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner ELI-NP will create a new European laboratory to consistently investigate for the first time a new frontier of physics: the laser - nucleus frontier. the study of new fundamental processes in high field QED major progress in nuclear physics and the understanding of element synthesis in astrophysics first catalysed pair creation from the quantum vacuum performing parity violation experiments developing techniques for remote characterization of nuclear materials or radioactive waste advances in materials and life sciences due to new types of neutron and positron sources. ELI-NP Science

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The challenges

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner In laser science, each of the current three sub-projects is more than one order of magnitude beyond the current state of the art, the high-intensity project two orders of magnitude. The technological challenge E Q =m p c 2 Electron quiver energy 1 µm)‏ Ultra-relativistic Optics ELI E Q =m p c 2 Atomic ionization F > 1 au

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Some Bottlenecks a) HDT broadband large size gratings b) Pump lasers: general design, SHG crystals, Homogenizers c) Large size Ti:Sa crystals/transverse lasing/ASE d) HDT broadband HR coating on large size optics Engineering challenges e) OPCPA front-end: Synchronization & Pumps f) Contrast: ASE + pre-pulses g) Back-reflection isolation h) Strehl ratio & adaptive optics “System independent” issues Coherent combination Beam transportation and focusing The technological challenge Courtesy D. Ursescu

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner LASERLAB-EUROPE Joint Research Activities: Addressing the broad range of important new developments in laser research ALADIN: Attosecond Laser sources and Applications; Design and Innovation HAPPIE: High Average and Peak Power Technology LAPTECH: Laser plasma accelerator activity OPTBIO: Advanced optical techniques in Bio-Imaging and Bio-Processing SFINX: Sources of femtosecond Intense X-rays Coordinated research to meet the next challenges in high power lasers and applications

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Resources challenge

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner European PW lasers and projects (2010) 100 GW 1 TW 10 TW 100 TW 10 GW pulse energy 1 ps 10 ps 1 J 10 J 100 J 100 ps pulse length power 1 KJ 1 ns 100 fs 10 fs 100 mJ 10 PW 1 PW MPQ CLPU Salamanca Petal Jena GSI LULI RAL APOLLON Cooperation and competition: ELI‘s partners are ELI‘s competitors

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner 1)the top-of-the-line in high power lasers is slowly, but steadily shifting from the 100TW to the 1PW level, while singular projects (especially the ELI predecessor projects and new national clusters) attain similar powers as the ELI 10PW modules. ELI’s multi-100PW facility seems to remain largely unchallenged in the near future. 2) Such a development, although tending to close the gap between ELI and its national companions and competitors, is much more of an opportunity than a threat. Without the availability of a large number of comparable high- power systems (even if an order of magnitude less powerful) the international user community could not be sustained which is necessary to exploit all the new physics that ELI provides. The good news

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner The real challenge The real challenge is NOT to overcome the technological barriers towards multi-ten PW or even multi-hundred PW systems Nor is it the challenge to achieve high repetition rates of such lasers for applications („The next challenge after the PW is the kW“ *) Nor is it funding, due to an innovative ELI funding scheme * WS, SPIE2009 The real challenge is to build ELI under the temporal constraints of the Structural Funds within an environment that has not kept up developing human resources at a rate which is needed

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Berlin, July 2010: Start of a joint initiative to develop human resources in lasers and photonics Draft Memorandum of Understanding: work together on the definition of a common strategy by collecting and quantifying information on the current and future European demand for scientists, engineers and technicians in the field collecting and quantifying information on the existing offer in training and educational activities (ITN, Marie Curie, ERA-Net….) collecting information on funding opportunities for education and training programs and for staff mobility Implement such strategy on an European level

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Workgroup 7: Education, Training and Disruptive Research Vision for Education and Training …. „A strategy able to meet the growing need for highly qualified personnel would allow Europe to maintain its position and increase its importance in the photonics-related economy. In this respect, outreach activities are expected to have a strong impact.“ …

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner Objectives - to help overcome the disparity between geographical regions through assistance in the construction of new infrastructures, particularly ELI - Measure: installation of a network of representatives from these areas, called National Contact Points (NCP) -Establishment of links and information flow between national communities on the one hand, and opportunities offered by LLE on the other - establishing new mobility and training concepts between ist partners and with new user communities Laserlab- Europe

EuCARD, EuroNNAc Workshop, 3-6 May 2011, CERNW.Sandner 100 GW 1 TW 10 TW 100 TW 10 GW pulse energy 1 ps 10 ps 1 J 10 J 100 J 100 ps pulse length power 1 KJ 1 ns 100 fs 10 fs 100 mJ 10 PW 1 PW MPQ CLPU Salamanca Petal Jena GSI LULI RAL APOLLON It is not an ELI problem – We are all in the same boat!