Protists Kingdom – Protista Characteristics 1.Unicellular 2.Eukaryotic 3.Many live as single cells or solitary 4.Some are colonial or live in groups

4 Phyla of Animal-like Protists 1. Cilophora (cilia bearing) Ex: paramecium

Organelles of Cilophora Cilia – hair like projections Trichocysts – spiney projections used for defense Gullet – obtains food Anal Pore – waste materials emptied Contractile Vacuole – pumps out excess H2O

Animal-Like Protists 2. Zoomastigina – (flagella moving) Ex: Giardia, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma Giardia

Zoomastigina Cont. Trichomonas

Zoomastigina Cont. Trypanosoma

Zoomastigina Characteristics Flagella – whip-like structures used for movement Absorb food through membranes Reproduce by binary fission and sexual reproduction

Animal-like Protists Cont. 3. Sporozoa (spore producing) Ex. Plasmodium (causes malaria) Plasmodium

Sporoza Characteristics Non-motile – do not move All are parasitic (live in a host and cause it harm) Reproduce by spores Usually live life cycle in several hosts

Animal-like Protists Cont. 4. Sarcodina – (false foot) Ex: Amoeba, Entamoeba, heliozoans, radiolarians, foraminifers Pseudopod- a false foot, motile, moves with cytoplasmic projections Has no definite shape, very flexible, active cells with cell walls They eat by surrounding their food Reproduce by binary fission

Amoebas: Heliozoans

Radiolarians – secrete shells of silica Foraminifers – secrete shells of calcium

5 Phyla of Plant-Like Protists 1. Euglenophyta (flagellates with chloroplasts) Ex. Euglena

Euglenophyta Cont. They have chloroplasts Have eyespot – helps them find bright areas They are usually autotrophs (can be heterotroph when sunlight is not avaiable) Very common protist

Plant Like Protists Cont. 2. Pyrophyta (fire protists) Ex. Dinoflagellates Examples of Dinoflagellates – plankton and phytoplankton

Pyrophyta Cont. Most are unicellular Many are luminescent (they give off light if agitated) They have bizarre shapes

Plant-Like Protists Cont. 3. Chrysophyta (golden protists) Examples: yellow green algae, golden brown algae, diatoms cell walls contain pectin instead of cellulose Store food as oil rather than starch Reproduce sexually and asexually

Chrysophyta Cont. Yellow green algae

Chrysophyta Cont. Golden brown algae (sargassum)

Chrysophyta Cont. Diatoms

Plant-Like Protists Cont. 4. Acrasiomycota (cellular slime mold) 5. Myxomycota (acellular slime mold) The slime molds appear amoeba-like and produce spores

Cellular Slime Mold

Acellular Slime Mold

Diseases Caused by Protists 1. Malaria – caused by a plasmodium, and transmitted by mosquitos 2. African Sleeping Sickness – caused by trypanosoma, and transmitted by tsetse fly 3. Amebic Dysentery – caused by entamoeba, transmitted by contaminated food and water

Helpful Protists 1. Trichonympha – lives in the digestive enzymes of termites/wood roaches and they digest the cellulose because the termites/roaches can not 2. Some protists serve as food for larger animals in oceans, ponds, and lakes 3. Dinoflagellates – allow tiny animals that make coral to live with them allowing coral to grow in areas with low nutrients

Harmful Protists Dinoflagellates Blooms – they emit a toxin that can kill fish and dolphins More than 70% of photosynthesis that occurs on Earth goes on near the surface of the ocean. It helps provide lots of oxygen and food for ocean life