timeline of disease knowledge -late 17 th century used microscope to see bacteria, mold spores, and yeast - late 1800s started to make connection between microorganisms and disease transmission

-French chemist - learned that microorganisms cause disease in humans - discovered that microorganisms could spoil wine and milk - invented pasteurization Louis Pasteur

- process of heating a liquid to a temperature that kills most bacteria pasteurization

AgentDisease BacteriaTetanus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, strep throat, bacterial pneumonia, plague ProtistsMalaria, sleeping sickness FungiAthlete’s foot, ringworm VirusesColds, influenza, AIDS, measles, mumps, polio, smallpox, SARS Disease organisms

- body temperature and nutrients help them grow and multiply - can slow down growth and activities of body cells and tissues - causes: tetanus, tuberculosis, strep throat, plague bacteria

- infects and multiplies in host cells and kills them - destroy body tissues or interrupt vital body activities -Causes: colds, influenza, AIDS, measles, mumps viruses

- can destroy tissues or blood cells or interfere with normal body functions -Causes: malaria, sleeping sickness protists

- developed in 19 th century by Robert Koch - used to identify organisms that cause diseases so they can be treated Koch’s Rule

-caused by a virus, bacterium, protist, or fungi and is spread from an infected organism or the environment to another organism - spread by direct contact with infected organism through water and air, on food, contaminated objects, biological vectors (animals, bugs, etc.), or other humans Infectious disease

- English surgeon - recognized relationship between infections and cleanliness -reduced deaths in patients by washing their skin with carbolic acid Joseph Lister

- human immunodeficiency virus - can exist in blood and body fluids - transmitted through sexual contact, reusing contaminated hypodermic needles, or mother to child - cannot multiply outside the body - does not survive long in the environment HIV

- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - caused by HIV - attacks the body’s immune system - enters and attacks helper T cells, destroys so many T cells that not enough B cells are stimulated to produce antibodies, and body cannot fight infections AIDS

-not caused by pathogens - diabetes, allergies, asthma, cancer, and heart disease - not spread from person to person - can last for a long time (chronic) - some can be cured Noninfectious disease

- a strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance - caused by allergens - immune system usually forms antibodies against allergens - body reacts by releasing histamines that cause red, swollen tissues - treated with antihistamines or injections for severe reactions allergies

- caused by levels of insulin produced by the pancreas - Type 1- too little or no insulin production - Type 2- body cannot properly process insulin - symptoms- fatigue, excessive thirst, tingling in hands and feet - can cause health problems such as blurred vision, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, or loss of consciousness diabetes

- results from uncontrolled cell growth - can occur anywhere in the body - caused by exposure to carcinogens such as x- rays, nuclear radiation, and ultraviolet radiation - can be related to genes cancer