Kingdom Fungi

I.Characteristics A. are found everywhere. – (air, water, food)

B.live by decomposing living and nonliving organic matter.

C.are the major nutrient recyclers for our biosphere.

D. both unicellular and multicellular. E. are heterotrophs.

II. Structure hyphae.A.made of threadlike filaments called hyphae.

mycelium.B.extensive branching of these filaments form a network/grid called a mycelium.

III. Feeding Relationships A.Decomposer- transform complex organic substances into raw materials that other organisms can use.

B.Parasite- absorb nutrients from the living cells of their host.

Mutualist C.Mutualist (symbiotic)- absorb nutrients from a living host, but are beneficial to their host in some way (retain water, exchange organic food, or protect from sunlight).

1. Lichen- symbiotic association between a fungus and an algae.

A.Asexually 1.fragmentation 2.budding 3.spore production (a reproductive cell that germinates and develops into a new organism). IV.Reproduction

B.Sexually 1.specialized spore production based on the species.

V.Examples/Phyla of Fungi A.Phylum Zygomycota –1.Rhizopus- common black bread mold. –2.they are decomposers.

Bread Mold

Microscopic View of bread …

B.Sac Fungi 1.the largest group. 2.blue-green, red, and brown molds. 3.Dutch elm disease. 4.Yeasts- (unicellular) used in brewing and baking.

C.Club Fungi 1.mushrooms- some are poisonous. 2.puffballs 3.grain rust

Mushroom

D.Deuteromycota Penicillium 1.reproduce only asexually.

2.In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that a Penicillium mold interfered with the growth of bacteria. Later, the antibiotic Penicillin was introduced.

Alexander Fleming (1929)

Penicillin

3.used in soy sauce, and blue- veined cheese production.

VI.Labeling Fungi »see handout