1. Kingdom Fungi Characteristics similar to all Fungi: All eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Multicellular (except yeast)
Are not motile

2. Why are Fungi not Plants?
Similarities:
Differences:
Do not move
Grow like plants
edible
Lack chlorophyll (chloroplast)
Do not perform photosynthesis
Reproduce by spores
Fungal cell walls are made of chitin (like crab shells); plant cell walls made of cellulose

4. Anatomy of Fungi Bodies of fungi consist of long strands called hyphae
Hyphae weave together to form mycelium and is found underground
some hyphae have septa which separate
Fruiting body is the reproductive structure

5. Fungi Nutrition Heterotrophic
Fungi secrete enzymes that attack carbon containing organisms, and digest them
Fungi can be one of 4:
Saprophyte: digests dead organisms
Decomposer: Feeds on dead organic material
Predator: hunts other organisms
Parasites: lives in or on a host feeding off its nutrients

6. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually!
Fungi Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Occurs when one parent produces offspring without the genes from another individual.
Identical copy
Two parents contribute genetic material to the offspring
Genetically unique offspring
Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually!

7. Four Main Types of Asexual Reproduction
Some undergo mitosis
Some yeast fungi reproduce by “budding”
Some fungi grow from mycelium
Most by spores

8. Asexual Reproduction Spores contain a nucleus and dehydrated cytoplasm
Spores are released from the fruiting body
Dispersed via wind, animals, insects, water
Cytoplasm will absorb water to rehydrate and forms hyphae
Hyphae will twine to form mycelium

9. Sexual Reproduction Divided into 4 main groups
Similarity between groups: there are no male or female
“+” mating type and “-” mating type
Fertilization occurs when hyphae from a plus meet hyphae from a minus

10. Four Groups of Fungi Primitive Fungi: Phylum Chytridiomycota
Sac Fungi:
Phylum Ascomycota
Bread Molds:
Phylum Zygomycota
Club Fungi:
Phylum Basidiomycota

11. Impacts of Fungi Recycle nutrients Form associations with lichens Food
Produce antibiotics (Penicillian)
Some cause disease

12. Lichens Symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi
Lichens absorb chemical nutrients from the air
Can grow anywhere

13. Mycorrhizae Mutualistic Between fungi and plant roots
Fungal hyphae act as a root extension which increases the plants surface area
Increases water uptake
More disease resistant

14. Diseases Caused by Fungi
Dutch Elm Disease:
Human Diseases:
Kills an elm in as little as 3 weeks
Clogs its water conducting vessels
Spread in SK by the elm bark beetle during its breeding period
Athlete’s foot
Ring worm
Yeast infections

15. Beneficial Fungi Yeast for baking bread This causes the bread to rise
Digests sugar in bread and produces CO2
This causes the bread to rise
Adds flavors to cheese
Edible mushrooms found in the grocery stores

16. Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928 He was trying treat syphilis
Active ingredients in mold turned out to be an infection-fighting agent
Found that the Staphylococcus bacteria grew everywhere except for the area surrounding the moldy contaminant