Pest Management Essential Standard Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

Objective 8.01 Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest.

What is an insect? Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs Body regions –head –thorax –abdomen

Types of Insects The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects. –Chewing –Piercing –Rasping –Siphoning –Sponging

Chewing Insects Insects tear, chew or grind food Examples –grasshopper –beetle

Piercing Insects Punctures plant and sucks the sap

Rasping insect Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap Example –thrips

Siphoning insects Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in Example –butterfly

Sponging Insects Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal Example –housefly

Life Cycles Complete metamorphosis has four stages –egg –larva-worms or caterpillars –pupa –adult-flies, beetles, etc.

Life Cycles Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages –egg –nymph –Adult Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

Life Cycles

Chewing Insects Parts of leaves are eaten away –beetles –cutworms –caterpillars –grasshoppers

Chewing Insects Beetles –eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts Cutworms –usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

Chewing Insects Caterpillars –larva of moths and butterflies –fuzzy or hairy –eat young leaves and stems –roll up in leaves making leaves curl Grasshoppers –eat all parts of plants

Sucking Insects Aphids Leaf bugs Mealy bugs Scale Thrips Whiteflies

Aphids Pierce and suck juices known as plant lice cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves causes sticky substances and black mold will attract ants

Aphids

Leaf Bugs Cause plants to look unhealthy plants will lose their normal color and wilt

Leaf Bugs

Mealy Bugs Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

Mealy bugs

Scale Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

Scale

Thrips Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

Thrips

Whiteflies Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

Whiteflies

Mites Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots severe infestations cause webbing

Mites