1. Bell Work
Week of Monday, January 19 – Friday, January 23
Tuesday, January 20
Describe how insects could damage specific parts of the plant – leaves, roots, stems, fruit?

2. Plant Science AAEC – Paradise Valley Spring 2015
Signs of Pest Damage
Plant Science
AAEC – Paradise Valley
Spring 2015

3. I Can… Describe the six different insect mouth designs.
Describe signs of insect damage to plant leaves, stems, roots, and crops.

4. six different insect mouth Designs
Chewing
Piercing-sucking
Rasping-sucking
Sponging
Siphoning
Chewing-lapping

5. Chewing Mouthparts
Chewing mouthparts are the most primitive; all other mouthparts derived from them. They are suited only for the utilization of solid foods.

6. Chewing Mouthpart

7. Insects with Chewing Mouth Designs
Termite
Grasshopper
Other Examples:
Crickets
Earwigs
Beetles
Chewing Lice
Armyworms
Cutworms
Weevile

8. Piercing-sucking
Piercing-sucking insects pierce the epidermal layers of plants and animals and suck up the exuding sap or blood.

9. Piercing-sucking

10. Insects with Piercing-Sucking Mouth Designs
Mosquito
Aphid
Horsefly

11. Rasping-sucking
Rasping-sucking insects lacerate (tear) the epidermis of plants and suck up the extruding sap.

12. Rasping-sucking

13. Insects with Rasping-Sucking Mouth Designs
Thrip

14. Sponging
Sponging insects feed on exposed liquids, such as nector or sap, or by dissolving solid substances such as sugar in their salvia.

15. Sponging

16. Insects with Sponging Mouth Designs
Housefly

17. Siphoning
Siphoning insects feed on exposed liquids by sucking them up.

18. Siphoning

19. Insects with Siphoning Mouth Designs
Butterfly
Moth

20. Chewing-lapping
Chewing-lapping insects have a combination of chewing and sucking mouthparts.

21. Chewing-lapping

22. Insects with Chewing-Lapping Mouth Designs
Bumble Bee
Honey Bee

23. signs of insect damage to plant leaves
Damage to leaves reduces the plants ability to photosynthesize by sucking out the chlorophyll, and thus produce a crop. In forage crops, this is a direct damage to the crop.
The principal way that insects damage leaves is by eating them. The type of damage is determined by the type of mouth parts that the insect has. Examples: holes in the leaves, missing portions of the leaves, and yellowing leaves due to sucking insects removing the sap from the leaves.
Some insects produce a sticky waste that coats the leaves of plants. This waste reduces the plants ability to photosynthesize, and results in reduced yields.

24. signs of insect damage to plant leaves

25. signs of insect damage to plant stems
Damage to stems affects all parts of the plant that are higher than the damaged stem. This may include other stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Insects damage stem by eating them. In some cases stems may be completely cut. Insects may bore into the stems and live inside, eating the stem.

26. signs of insect damage to plant stems

27. signs of insect damage to plant ROots
Insects damage roots by eating them
Cutting them in half
Producing holes
Spread root fungus and disease

28. signs of insect damage to plant ROots

29. signs of insect damage to crops.
Harvested Crops
Infestations of insects on harvested crops can be especially costly.
The stored crop is in very close proximity.
The crop has already been grown, harvested, stored, and in many cases additional expenses have incurred through drying, processing, etc.
Insects either eat the stored product, or make it unmarketable through their presence.

30. signs of insect damage to crops.

31. Signs of Plant Damage Foldable
1.) Type of mouth design
2.) Describe impact/damage caused
3.) Examples of insects with mouth design
4.) Picture to help you remember