Pre-Class Tuesday What are the four states of matter?

Chapter 3

Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made up of particlesAll matter is made up of particles Particles are always in motion.Particles are always in motion. Particles interact with each other.Particles interact with each other. As the temperature increases, the particles move faster.As the temperature increases, the particles move faster. If the motion of particles of matter increase enough, the matter may change phase or state.If the motion of particles of matter increase enough, the matter may change phase or state.

Changing Phase (State) Gas Evaporate (heat of vaporization: the amount of energy needed to turn liquid into gas, different for every material) Liquid Melt (heat of fusion: the amount of energy needed to turn solid into liquid, different for every material) Solid Particle speed increases Increasing energy

Heat Curve

PHASE LAB Each group needs: –Hot plate –Thermometer –Beaker –Ice Record the temperature of the ice every 2 minutes as it changes state from solid to steam Graph temperature vs. time Time (min)T ( o C) And so on

Pre-Class Wednesday 9+4=13 In the lab yesterday, what happened to the temperature after the water began to boil? Hint: look at the picture below.

Pre-Class Thursday Thinking back to the presentation by our guest speaker yesterday, name (and briefly describe) one thing you learned about applying science in the Army.

States of Matter Solid: rigid structure, definite shape and volume Liquid: fast moving particles, indefinite shape but definite volume Gas: faster moving particles, indefinite shape and volume Plasma: gas that conducts electricity

Changing States Melt: changes from solid to liquid Evaporate: changes from liquid to gas Desublimate (or deposition): changes from gas to solid Condense: changes from gas to liquid Freeze: changes from liquid to solid Sublimate: changes from solid to gas

FLUID PRINCIPLES Bernoulli –as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure inside of the fluid decreases Pascal –pressure is evenly distributed throughout a fluid Archimedes –the buoyant force is equal to the volume of the fluid displaced

Pre-Class Friday Which of the following uses Bernoulli’s principle? a)Buoyancy b)Flying c)Boat d)Toothpaste

P = F / A P : pressure (Pa) F  force (N) A  area (m 2 )

Pre-Class Monday Costume Party Fiona, George, Rachel, and Patrick are planning their costumes for a party. Each will wear a different costume. There will be a pirate, a ghost, a Martian, and a gorilla. - No one will have a costume that begins with the same letter as the name of the person wearing it. - The Martian is a boy. - The gorilla is a girl. - Patrick likes science fiction and space characters. - Fiona didn't want to be a ghost this year. Which costume will each of the party-goers wear? Fiona will be the gorilla. George will be the pirate. Rachel will be the ghost. Patrick will be the Martian.

Gas Laws Boyle’s Law –As the pressure in a gas increases, the volume decreases (constant temperature) –As the pressure in a gas decreases, the volume increases (constant temperature)

Gas Laws Charles’ Law –As the temperature in a gas decreases, the volume also decreases (constant pressure) –As the temperature in a gas increases, the volume also increases (constant pressure)

Gas Laws Gay-Lussac’s Law –As the pressure in a gas increases, the temperature increases (constant volume) –As the pressure in a gas decreases, the temperature decreases (constant volume)

Pre-class Tuesday The idea that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature provided pressure does not change is _____. A.Boyle’s Law B.Archimedes’ Principle C.Charles’ Law D.Bernoulli’s Principle