IMPERIALISM UNIT 4

UNIT 4.1 INTRO TO IMPERIALISM Alfred T. Mahan Hawaii – Why? Hawaii China Japan Imperialism Nationalism Imperialist Powers Alaska Growth of the U.S. Navy Essential Question: How is Imperialism similar or dissimilar to Manifest Destiny? Compare.

IMPERIALISM Empire - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

NATIONALISM Imperialism led to nationalism – the belief that one’s country is superior and deserving of admiration Theory that Social Darwinism proved that Western Nations were culturally superior Christian Missions – lead to religious tensions in non-Christian Nations

IMPERIALIST POWERS Great Britain France Belgium Germany Japan

ALASKA Purchased by William Seward (Lincoln’s Sec. of State) from Russia for $7.2m – wanted an American Empire Known as “Seward’s Ice Box”

GROWTH OF THE U.S. NAVY Alfred T. Mahan – “Sea Power” – Nations with a better Navy have more impact on the world - led U.S. Navy’s shift to steam powered ships

HAWAII – WHY? Great location for a port – access to Asia – can grow sugarcane

HAWAII King Kalakaua - had Treaty with the US – made importation of sugar cheap – planters were very wealthy Queen Liliuokalani – Overthrown by planters with help of U.S. Marines Sugar Tycoon – Sanford Dole – Became President of the Republic of Hawaii Hawaii became a U.S. Territory in 1898

CHINA Spheres of influence – European powers had internal control over China – introduced trade and business

CHINA - CONTINUED U.S. Sec. of State John Hay – demanded “Open Door Policy” to give all countries equal footing in China Boxer Rebellion – Chinese angered over Christian influences – European countries helped to end the rebellion - exploitation and control increased

JAPAN Traditional Society – Feudalism – Based on Agriculture Great White Fleet = U.S. Navy – Japan realized they were behind, tried to catch up – led to an industrial and technological frenzy

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How is Imperialism similar or dissimilar to Manifest Destiny? Compare.

UNIT 4.2 SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Unrest in Cuba S – USS Maine L - De Lome Letter I - Imperialism P - Propaganda - Yellow Journalism War in the Philippines War in Cuba Results of War Annexing the Philippines Controlling Cuba Controlling Puerto Rico Essential Question: Explain how war with the Spanish affected the United States on the world stage.

UNREST IN CUBA Cubans revolt against Spanish – Spanish execute rebel leaders Jose Marti – campaigned in America to gain support for Cuban freedom – killed by Spanish government Spanish General Valeriano Weyler – Leader in Cuba – ruthless and harsh “Butcher Weyler” Created “relocation camps” for 300,000 Cubans he trusted

S – USS MAINE Blew up in Havana Harbor (Cuba) – 260 Americans killed Spain was blamed

L – DE LOME LETTER Spanish Minister Enrique Dupuy De Lome bashed President McKinley William Randolph Hearst’s newspaper released it – turned sentiment against Spanish

I - IMPERIALISM The act of creating an empire - What is an empire?

P – PROPAGANDA – YELLOW JOURNALISM William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer Exaggerated stories War = big issue Big issue = higher newspaper sales Higher newspaper sales = $$$ War = $$$

WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES Manila Bay – Commodore George Dewey defeats Spanish fleet thanks to steel and iron ships Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipino Rebels on land Spanish were surrounded on land and by sea - surrendered

WAR IN CUBA U.S. strategy: Control Santiago Battle of San Juan Hill – Led by Theodore Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders” – American Victory U.S. Navy sank entire Spanish fleet around Cuba

RESULTS U.S. gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam U.S. purchases the Philippines for $20m

ANNEXING THE PHILIPPINES Gains: Economic value through trade and exploitation – Strategic value with a port Problems: Philippines wanted to govern themselves – Nativists didn’t want Filipino immigrants Annexed: 1899 – Freedom Fighters fought against the US for 3 years Legislative Rights: 1916 Full Independence: July 4 th, 1946

CONTROLLING CUBA McKinley set up a military government – Governor of Cuba appointed Attempted to end yellow fever by eliminating standing water Cuba drafted a New Constitution Platt Amendment - made Cuba a US Protectorate

CONTROLLING PUERTO RICO McKinley set up a military government – governed as a territory Foraker Act of 1900 – U.S. appoints their governor and upper House Legislature – Puerto Rico elects their lower House Legislature US Citizenship and Full Legislative Powers – 1917 Self-Governing Commonwealth – 1952 (U.S. still controlled trade, foreign policy, and military)

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Explain how war with the Spanish affected the United States on the world stage.