Research Writing and Publishing How to write a research proposal Student number: Chinese name: 黃怡娟 English name: Ula

Research writing(1/2)  Following questions: What you plan to accomplish? Why you want to do it ? How you are going to do it?

Research writing(2/2)  The proposal should …… has key elements involved in the research process has sufficient information: to convince your readers make your writing coherent, clear and compelling

Title(1/1)  It should be… Concise Descriptive Informative Catchy

Abstract(1/1) It’s a brief summary about 300 words.  It should include… research question rationale for the study hypothesis method -design -procedures -sample - instrument main findings

Introduction(1/3) It provides the necessary background or context for research problem.  How to frame the research problem? current “hot” area or older viable area provide historical backdrop identify “key player” and representative publications

 It generally covers the following elements: provide the context and set the stages. state the research problem. present the rationale. describe the major issues and sub-problems. identify the key independent and dependent variable of experiment. Introduction(2/3)

 It generally covers the following elements: alternatively, specify the phenomenon. state hypothesis or theory. set the delimitation or boundaries of research. provide definition of key concepts. Introduction(3/3)

Literature Review(1/1)  It serves several important function: ensures that you do not copy others’ to trust those who have laid the groundwork for research demonstrate knowledge of the research problem demonstrate understanding of the theoretical and issues related to research question shows ability to evaluate literature information indicate ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature

Method(1/1) It provides sufficient information for reader to determine whether methodology is sound. What kind of design do you choose? (questionnaire study or laboratory experiment) Who is your target? What kind of measuring instruments or questionnaire do you use? How do you plan to carry out your study?

Result Some ideas about what kind of data what statistical procedures you will collect and use to answer research question. Discussion Communicate a sense of enthusiasm and confidence of proposal. Mention the limitation and weaknesses of proposed research