Oct. 5, 2015  Warm Up Review  Notes/discussion over the Atlantic Slave Trade, Triangular Trade, and Columbian Exchange.  Exploration Test Oct. 9  Exploration Journal Due Oct. 16

 Who was Atahualpa? What explorer took over Atahualpa’s empire?  Who was Montezuma II? What explorer took over Montezuma’s empire?

The Effects of Exploration Triangular Trade, Columbian Exchange, Encomienda System, Atlantic Slave Trade

The Portuguese  Found little gold in Brazil  Started farming sugar  $$$

Patterns of Spanish Conquest  Drew techniques from the Reconquista  Spanish settlers (peninsulares) were mostly men  Marriage b/w Native Americans and peninsulares were common  mestizo (Native American and Spanish heritage)  Encomienda System: natives farmed and ranched and mined for the Spanish landlords who received rights to the labor from the Spanish authorities  Many abused to death

Opposition to Spanish Rule  Spanish priests who worked to spread Christianity witnessed cruel treatment and spoke out  Encomienda system was abolished in 1542  Natives also rebelled  Tainos rebelled against Columbus in the Caribbean  Natives in New Mexico fought Spanish rule

Discuss  How did the Portuguese motives for conquest change once they made it to the New World?  What area in South America was conquered by the Portuguese?  Why would marriages between natives and Spaniards be encouraged?  What were the effects of the encomienda system?

 What was the encomienda system?  Who were peninsulares?  Who were the mestizo’s?

African Slavery  Needed to resupply labor force – many Native Americans were dying, running away  Advantages to Africans:  Immune to a lot of European diseases  Had farming experience  Did not know the land, making escape difficult

Atlantic Slave Trade  B/w : 300,000 Africans transported to the Americas  Reached up to 1.5 million by the next century  Initially brought them to the Caribbean  Many African rulers took part in this:  Originally had sold them to Muslims  Did not see a difference selling them to Europeans

Discuss  What created the need for African slaves?  Why would Africans have been immune to European diseases?  Why would African slaves be less likely to escape?

Triangular Trade  Actual trade route Named because… it makes a triangle…

Step ONE: Europeans take goods to Africa Guns, Ammo, Copper, Cloth Traded for Slaves Step TWO: The MIDDLE PASSAGE Slaves traded in Caribbean for Sugar, Rum Step THREE Sugar, Rum, etc. traded back in Europe…

Triangular Trade Middle Passage: Many Africans were packed together in dark holds About 20% died on journey

Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade  African American families torn apart  Fire arms given to Africans caused issues  Helped make America profitable  Substantial African American populations in the New World

Discuss  What was Europe sending to Africa?  Africa to the Americas?  Americas to Europe?  What consequences of the slave trade made the most lasting impact? Why?

Columbian Exchange  Named after Columbus  Coined in 1972  His journey was the first interaction between worlds  Affected every society on earth  Most significant item traded?  Disease  50-90% of Native Americans wiped out  #2: Crops  Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes  Columbian Exchange is not a direct trade route CE is the overall exchange of goods

Columbian Exchange

Discuss  List 3 things Europe got in the Columbian Exchange.  The Americas?  Who got the better end of the deal in the Columbian Exchange? Why?