Ute, Navajo, Goshute, Shoshone, and Pauite

11 different bands of Utes lived in Utah They moved back and forth from the mountains They started using horses in the 1600’s Hunted bison Raided California Stole Paiute women and children and sold them as slaves

Lived in small family groups. After they got horses, the groups became larger bands. Had leaders, but not what we call “chiefs.” Some were spiritual leaders, some helped direct specific activities, and some just offered suggestions. Traveled through larger regions hunting, fishing, and gathering plants throughout the seasons. Gathered cactus, seeds, and roots to store for winter in buried baskets. Also hunted and dried meat for winter. Told stories of creation and more during the winter.

Lived in brush shelters or tipis. Wore clothes made from shredded bark or animal hides, and used rabbit-fur robes in winter. Used a medicine man to heal. Acquired horses, which let them travel more widely. They could go to the Great Plains to hunt buffalo. Some also became skilled at stealing horses from California and elsewhere. Stole women and children from Paiutes and Goshutes and sold them to the Spanish and Mexicans for slaves. Knew the mountains well and used them for refuge.

May have migrated from Canada They say they communicated with Ancient Pueblo Native Americans Spanish Explorers came and effected Introduced sheep to Navajo people Navajo people started farming and herding sheep because of them

Desert livers Lived in family groups that moved around a lot finding food. Spent much of their time looking for food, since they lived in an area that did not have a lot of food sources. Hunted animals and birds, fished, and gathered insects like grasshoppers and all kinds of plants, like cattails, to eat. Ate pinyon pine nuts as an important part of their diet. Wore clothes woven from plants, with rabbitskin robes in winter.

Lived in wikiups (round shelters made from brush). Wove beautiful baskets for many uses, including winnowing seeds. Used other tools such as pots, grinding stones, and flint knives. Used sweat baths and sweat lodges. Used shamans to heal illnesses and guide them. Camped in secluded places and told myths and stories during the winter. Played a game that used a hoop and pole.

Lived in Northeastern Utah Traveled in small extended-family groups, living in caves, wickiups, or tepees. Gathered roots and plants. Used pinyon pine nuts as a major source of food.

Gathered seeds and ground them into meal and made mush or bread. Gathered berries like chokecherries, service berries, and gooseberries. Wore clothing made from animal skins. Hunted small animals and birds like rabbits, squirrels, ducks, grouse and doves. Hunted large animals like deer, elk, and antelope. Ate insects like crickets. Made pottery and baskets. Told stories during the winter.

Lived in Southern Utah Utes sometimes would steal their woman and children and sell them into slavery Moved frequently to gather and hunt. Lived in cone-shaped wickiups (especially in winter) or in the open air. Later some used tepees.

Knew plants very well—they used at least 96 species of plants. Used the pinyon pine nut as an important food. Ate big and small animals, birds, reptiles, fish, and insects. Gathered and ate wild seeds, plants, roots. Caught fish and small animals. Prayed to influence the spirits of nature and to show respect and gratitude. They called the most powerful spirit being “The One Who Made the Earth.” Grew corn, squash, beans, sunflowers, wheat, melons. Wore clothing made from skins and plants; or wore little clothing in warm weather. Traveled and lived in small family groups of Wove baskets for storage and carrying water; hats; trays for winnowing seeds; and bowls. Also made pottery.