STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Trace the war through the winter at Valley Forge. 2.Examine civilian life during the Revolution. 3.Trace the war in the South through the siege of Yorktown. 4.Recognize the symbolic value of the Revolution. CH 2-SEC 2

Section 2 The War for Independence Key American victories reverse British advances during the American Revolutionary War. NEXT

2-2 THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE New York City early site of battles Lose to the British Because of trained army and navy British controlled largest port in the Americas Colonial troops retreat, then surprise British troops at Saratoga Loyalists and Patriots Loyalists—colonists who support King George III and Britain Patriots—colonists in favor of independence from Britain

The War Begins Loyalists and Patriots Loyalists—colonists who support King George III and Britain Patriots—colonists in favor of independence from Britain The War for Independence 2 SECTION Continued... NEXT

2-2A Loyalist vs Patriots How did the thinking of Loyalist differ from that of Patriots? –Loyalists maintained respect for the king and preferred British rule. –Patriots agreed with Paine and wanted to be free of tyrannical laws imposed by Britain.

The War Begins The War for Independence 2 SECTION Continued... NEXT Early Victories and Defeats British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats to Pennsylvania Washington takes Trenton; British take Philadelphia in 1777

Early Victories and Defeats British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats to Pennsylvania Washington takes Trenton; British take Philadelphia in 1777

Who won? Why did they win? What were the important results? 1. New York The British British were better-trained and better-equipped forces overwhelmed the Continentals. The British captured New York. GUIDED READING:

Saratoga and Valley Forge Saratoga—Patriot’s victory convinces French to aid Continental Army Valley Forge—winter camp where Continental Army loses over 2,000 (1778) continued The War Begins 2 SECTION NEXT

Valley Forge Valley Forge—winter camp where Continental Army loses over 2,000 (1778)

Frost Bite

Valley Forge Darkest period of the War: soldiers low morale, low on supplies and enlistments about to expire. Begin drilling and training.

On the way to the Battle of Trenton

The first great success of the Continental Army. –December 26, 1776, General Washington crossed the Delaware River –Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured Battle of Trenton: Reinvigorated the Army 

Battle of Trenton The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks.

Who won? Why did they win? What were the important results? 2. Trenton The Americans They took the overconfident Germans by surprise. The Americans took Trenton; American morale rose. GUIDED READING:

Saratoga Saratoga—Patriot’s victory convinces French to aid Continental Army On October 17, 1777, 5,895 British and Hessian troops surrendered their arms. General John Burgoyne had lost 86 percent of his expeditionary force

Benedict Arnold is shot

British general John Burgoyne surrendered to American forces at the Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the Revolutionary War.

Who won?Why did they win? What were the important results? 3. Saratoga The Americans British forces failed to aid Burgoyne's Britain's. General Burgoyne underestimated the difficulties of fulfilling his plan of attack; The Continentals saw that they could beat the British; France was convinced to support the Americans openly. British confidence was damaged; GUIDED READING:

2-2B Early Victories Why were these early victories so important to the Continental Army?  –The victories restored the soldiers’ confidence after numerous loses. –After the Battle of Saratoga the French signed an alliance with the Americans.

Foreign Military Aid Marquis de Lafayette—encourages France to send reinforcements, 1779 European military leaders help train the Continental Army Winning the War 2 SECTION NEXT

Foreign Assistance Americans gain reinforcements, confidence and influence after their early victories. Marquis de Lafayette  Marquis de Lafayette— encourages France to send reinforcements, 1779

Foreign Military Aid With Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, a Prussian general colonial troops became effective fighters European military leaders help train the Continental Army Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben

Winning the War 2 SECTION NEXT The British Move South Charles Cornwallis, British general, wins many southern victories He camps at Yorktown, plans to take Virginia

British General Cornwallis finally surrendered at Yorktown, Va. on October 18, 1781 The Americans victory shocked the world

Winning the War 2 SECTION NEXT The British Surrender at Yorktown Cornwallis is surrounded at Yorktown, surrenders in October 1781 Treaty of Paris (1783) establishes colonial independence and borders

The British Surrender at Yorktown Treaty of Paris (1783) establishes colonial independence and borders

Life During the Revolution Economic Changes During the War Congress prints paper money, causing inflation— rising prices Robert Morris and Haym Salomon raise money to pay Continental Army Women manage homes, businesses; some fight in war Many slaves escape during the war; about 5,000 join Continental Army 2 SECTION NEXT

Who won? Why did they win? What were the important results? 4. Yorktown The Americans French and American troops surrounded the British on the Yorktown peninsula and bombarded them day and night. American and French armies joined forces 'With French fleets to attack Cornwallis at Yorktown; The British surrendered; treaty confirmed U.S. independence. Peace talks that began in Paris in 1782 resulted in the Treaty of Paris; GUIDED READING:

NEXT The War Becomes a Symbol of Liberty New Ideas After the War War stimulates egalitarianism—belief in equality of all people In 1780s, egalitarianism applies to white men only Women have few legal or political rights African Americans still face slavery or discrimination Native Americans continue to be pushed off their land by settlers 2 SECTION

New Ideas After the War War stimulates egalitarianism—belief in equality of all people In 1780s, egalitarianism applies to white men only Women have few legal or political rights African Americans still face slavery or discrimination Native Americans continue to be pushed off their land by settlers

2-2C Women What important contribution did women make in the Revolutionary War? –Women managed farms and businesses as well as households and families. Some women accompanied their husbands in the army. Molly Pitcher

2-2D Challenges What was the most important challenge(s) that faced the new United States? –How the govt would unify the former colonies. –How the govt would remain answerable to the people. –How the govt would maintain respect of European allies.

2-2E Native Americans How has the American Revolution affected the lives of the Native Americans? –The colonist saw economic opportunities in the lands occupied by Native Americans and gradually began to take the land away from them.

Patriots What were some of the hardships they faced? 1. Soldiers Remaining clothed; keeping fed; staying warm and healthy; having to provide their own housing; keeping their spirits up GUIDED READING:

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress voted unanimously that the American Colonies were free and they adopted the Declaration of Independence The Colonists had declared their independence– they would now have to fight for it JEFFERSON, ADAMS, & FRANKLIN 

Egalitarianism

1775 Second Continental Congress The colonial militia recognized as Continental Army; General George Washington named its leader Colonies began printing colonial money to pay soldiers Committee was organized to deal with foreign affairs

Patriots What were some of the hardships they faced? 2. Members of Congress Financing the war; battling inflation; equipping the army; negotiating with France GUIDED READING:

Patriots What were some of the hardships they faced? 3. Civilians Managing farms, businesses, families, and households; caring for soldiers in the field GUIDED READING: