1. Defeat in New York British sought to isolate New England. General William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe sail into NY harbor with 32,000 troops. Expeditionary force includes German mercenaries called Hessians. Successfully pushed Washington’s army across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania.

2. Battle of Trenton Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night of 1776 and captured Trenton, NJ. Provided a badly needed morale boost.

3. Fight for Philadelphia British forces under General Howe captured Philadelphia in 1777. Philadelphia was then the American capital.

4. Victory at Saratoga American troops defeated General Burgoyne on October 17, 1777. Surrender would dramatically change Britain’s war strategy. British forces would now stay on the coast where they could be close to supplies and the British navy. France recognized American independence and now agreed to support the Revolution.

5. Winter at Valley Forge Valley Forge-Continental Army’s camp during the winter of 1777- 1778. Marked a low point for the Patriots, but showed their resilience. 2500 American soldiers perish from conditions.

6. Colonial Life During the Revolution Congress printed paper money to pay for the war and resulted in inflation. Inflation-when prices rise. Some government officials engaged in profiteering. Profiteering-selling of scarce goods for profit.

7. Civilians at War 5000 African Americans served in the Continental Army. Women played a key role. Most famous was “Molly Pitcher” at the Battle of Monmouth.