Classification and Taxonomy. Basics of Classification Classification – the division of organisms into groups (classes) based on specific characteristics.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification and Taxonomy

Basics of Classification Classification – the division of organisms into groups (classes) based on specific characteristics. –Organizing –Increasingly specific groups –Use taxonomy to organize

Basics of Taxonomy Taxonomy- the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms. –Naming Aristotle- First to classify by habitat (350 B.C.). John Ray- developed the modern concept of the species (1600’s). Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, came up with a seven level system based on shared (common) characteristics, which is used today.

Levels of Classification The seven levels start with very broad characteristics and become more specific. The more characteristics organisms have in common, the more closely they are related. They end with each individual species.

Seven Level Classification Example Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: Felis domesticus Who am I? A pet cat!

Another Example The hierarchey (seven levels) of humans Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Chordata Class:Mammalia Order:Primates Family:Hominidae Genus: Homo (man) Species: Homo sapiens (thinking) see page 237… Remember K ing P hillip C ame O ver F or G reen S paghetti

Scientific Name: The Proper Form Binomial Nomenclature- “two names” Both words are underlined if written If typed, both words are italicized. Genus is capitalized and the species portion of the name is lowercase Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

Dichotomous Key Used to help identify organisms Has answers to a series of questions –Examples: Shoe Key Backpack Key Glassware Key Shark Key Monster Key

Six Kingdom Survey Archaebacteria EubacteriaProtistaFungiPlantAnimal Prokaryotic- no nucleus Single-celled Prokaryotic- no nucleus Single-celled Eukaryotic- has nucleus Single & Multicellular Eukaryotic- has nucleus Single & Multicellular Eukaryotic- has nucleus Multicellular Eukaryotic- has nucleus Multicellular Some Move Don’t Move Some Move Some make their own food; others get it from other organisms All members get food from other organisms All members make their own food Members eat plants or other animals for food