PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Energy Stored in chemical bonds of compounds. Compounds that store energy: ATP, and NADPH. When bonds are broken, energy is released.

Chief energy storing molecule. Made of: Adenine, Ribose, Phosphates Used for: –Mechanical functions –Active transport –Breakdown/synthesis of large molecules Regenerates ATP

Sources of Energy Autotrophs –can make own food –photosynthesis –producers Heterotrophs –get food from others –consumers

PHOTOSYNTHESIS The process by which autotrophs (plants) convert sunlight into a usable form of energy.

Leaves contain an important pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs red, blue and violet wavelengths of light from the sun and reflects the color green.

Chlorophyll is located in an organelle called chloroplast. Chloroplast carries out the process of photosynthesis

3 structures of chloroplast: Thylakoid (single disks that absorb energy & act like tiny batteries)

Grana (stacks of thylakoid)

Stroma: gel-like material that lies between the stacks of grana and acts as an insulator.

2 cycles for Photosynthesis

1. Light-Dependent Reactions (light phase) - Occurs in the grana. Leaf takes in sunlight & water together with ADP & NADP +. Makes ATP, oxygen and NADPH.

2.Light-Independent Reactions or Calvin Cycle (dark phase)- Occurs in the stroma. Needs carbon dioxide. Uses ATP & NADPH for energy & hydrogen. The end product is glucose which is stored as starch if not used immediately.

Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis 6 CO H 2 O 6 O2 O2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 Carbon dioxide +water +sunlight (yields) oxygen + glucose sunlight How does this relate to Cellular Respiration?

PHOTOTROPISM Response to light