1. Photosynthesis

2. What is the ultimate source of all energy? What is your source of energy?

3. EQ: Why do plants absorb multiple wavelengths of light? energy

4. Why do we see colors? The sun sends down little packets of light energy called: PHOTONS

5. Why do we see colors? Photons group together in waves The waves have different lengths Each “wavelength” presents itself as a color Photons Wavelengths

6. Why do we see colors? Pigments (chlorophyll) absorb wavelengths of light. The wavelengths not absorbed are reflected as color that we see. redyellowbluegreenorange

7. STAGE 1 Light Absorption Chlorophyll in Thylakoids

8. ROY G BIV Weakest Strongest

9. Why do we see colors? What color is chlorophyll? The plant pigment chlorophyll reflects light in these wavelengths. The plant pigment chlorophyll absorbs the red and blue colors of light and uses the energy to power photosynthesis.

10. Uses Most? Uses Least? = Blue and Red = Green and Yellow Pigments = Chlorophyll a and b

11. EQ: How do photosynthetic organisms produce food? PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Structures and Process

12. Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

14. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light Light Energy CO 2 + H 2 O Chloroplast Sugars + O 2

15. Chloroplast Structure Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast. Chlorophyll is the pigment (filling) found inside chloroplasts. A disks called a THYLAKOID contains the pigment CHLOROPHYLL. The liquid portion of a chloroplast is the STROMA A stack of thylakoids is called a GRANA.

17. Review 1. What is the ultimate source of all energy? 2. What compounds absorb wavelengths? 3. Where in a leaf do we find pigments? 4. What are the small openings in leaves for gas exchange called?

18. How do Plants Make Food?

19. overview of photosynthesis STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. PLANTS TAKE IN CO 2 AND H 2 O 4. PLANTS MAKE GLUCOSE AND RELEASE OXYGEN 2. SUNLIGHT PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS water carbon dioxide light carbohydrates oxygen 3. SUNLIGHT CAPTURED BY CHLOROPHYLL

20. Photosynthesis What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which: water carbon dioxide oxygen glucose TAKE INAND USINGMAKE PLANTS (producers) light chlorophyll

22. Photosynthesis 2 Phases:  Light cycle (light-dependent)  Calvin cycle (light-independent) Light ReactionDark Reaction

23. Who was Calvin anyway? A member of the faculty at UC Berkeley since 1937, Melvin Calvin received the 1961 Nobel prize in chemistry for identifying the path of carbon in photosynthesis. The cycle of reactions in the dark phase of photosynthesis was named after him for his work in identifying the processes taking place.

24. Photosynthesis Light cycle:  Occurs in the grana (where chlorophyll is)  Must have light light Light Reaction Dark Reaction LIGHT REACTION Dark Reaction grana (chlorophyll)

25. Part 1: Light Cycle (4 steps) H2OH2O O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 HH How does the O 2 leave the leaf? ENERGY 1. light energy is absorbed with the chlorophyll 2. water is split into H and O 2 by the light energy 3. H is kept for the dark reaction 4. O 2 is released OH2OH2

26. Photosynthesis Calvin cycle  Occurs in the stroma  Occurs in the light and dark Light Reaction Dark Reaction Light Reaction DARK REACTION stroma (liquid)

27. Part 2: Calvin Cycle CO 2 H C 6 H 12 O 6 How does CO 2 enter the plant? 1. H (hydrogen) from the water split in the light reaction is present 2. CO 2 enters the chloroplast 3. The reactants H and CO 2 combine H H + CO 2 4. Glucose is produced

28. Photosynthesis Review Light cycle: H 2 O H 2 + O Calvin cycle: H + CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 H2OH2O Light ReactionDark Reaction CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 chlorophyll

29. Photosynthesis Formula How would this be written as a chemical equation? What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products) H2OH2O Light Reaction Dark Reaction CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 chlorophyll H2OH2OCO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2

30. Photosynthesis Formula What’s wrong with this equation? The number of atoms is not equal on both sides of the equation. Balance the equation so that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides. H2OH2OCO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 one carbon atom reactant 6 carbon atoms product 6 66(1) Now balance it as if TWO glucose molecules were being produced.

31. Photosynthesis Review What goes in? (the reactants) What comes out? (the products) H2OH2O Light Reaction Dark Reaction CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 chlorophyll 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 light chlorophyll

32. What are Carbohydrates? Organic Compounds that store light energy from the sun as chemical energy that can be used by living things Carbohydrates are made by plants during photosynthesis.

33. Light- Dependent Reactions NADPH ATP Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Go to Section: Light Water O2O2 Stage 1 and 2 “Light Dependent” Light + Water  ATP + NADPH + Oxygen Light Energy Converted to Chemical Energy

34. Calvin Cycle NADPH ATP ADP + P NADP + Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Go to Section: CO 2 Sugar!!! Stage 3 “Light Independent” ATP + NADPH + CO 2  Sugar + NADP + + (ADP +P)

35. Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle NADPH ATP ADP + P NADP + Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Go to Section: Light Water O2O2 CO 2 Sugar!!!

36. PHOTO vs. RESPIRATION End products of Photosynthesis Beginning products of Respiration What have in common? “Circle of Life”