Africa and the World  Slavery  Imperialism  Independence

Slavery Began within Africa—tribes capturing other tribes and turning them into slaves Began within Africa—tribes capturing other tribes and turning them into slaves Slaves sent to other continents began with Arabs taking many African women to the Middle East Slaves sent to other continents began with Arabs taking many African women to the Middle East

Slave trade across the Atlantic to the “New World” began through exploration and trading posts on the west coast of Africa Slave trade across the Atlantic to the “New World” began through exploration and trading posts on the west coast of Africa Columbus’s voyages lead the way for slaves in the Americas Columbus’s voyages lead the way for slaves in the Americas At first the Spanish use Native Americans for slaves—they died too easily from diseases At first the Spanish use Native Americans for slaves—they died too easily from diseases Switched to Africans because of their immunity Switched to Africans because of their immunity

Very overcrowded ships Very overcrowded ships Horrible treatment and conditions Horrible treatment and conditions Heat, disease, lack of food/water Heat, disease, lack of food/water Many died on the trip to Americas Many died on the trip to Americas

Slaves needed for plantations –sugar, coffee, cotton Slaves needed for plantations –sugar, coffee, cotton Slave trade is outlawed eventually by Europe and Americas Slave trade is outlawed eventually by Europe and Americas Results: tribal conflict, families, RACISM— belief one race is greater than another Results: tribal conflict, families, RACISM— belief one race is greater than another

Imperialism in Africa  Europeans want control of Africa’s resources  Countries met to divide up the continent—ruler to make boundaries  No thought about effect on people and tribes  Lack of harbors made exploration difficult— used rivers

Causes and Effects of Imperialism Christian missionaries wanted to convert Africans Christian missionaries wanted to convert Africans Make $ from gold, ivory, trade Make $ from gold, ivory, trade Build an empire and your country gains power Build an empire and your country gains power machine gun helped Europeans conquer easily machine gun helped Europeans conquer easily Ethnic groups were split or opposing groups were put together within countries Ethnic groups were split or opposing groups were put together within countries Only Liberia and Ethiopia were not taken over Only Liberia and Ethiopia were not taken over Sudan and few other countries fought back violently Sudan and few other countries fought back violently

Impact of Imperialism Europe didn’t want countries governing or being independent Europe didn’t want countries governing or being independent Little freedom and few job choices—no education systems Little freedom and few job choices—no education systems Family systems destroyed and traditional life changed—forced to grow $ crops (coffee, peanuts, cotton) Family systems destroyed and traditional life changed—forced to grow $ crops (coffee, peanuts, cotton)

Independence The chance to regain their own countries started after WWII The chance to regain their own countries started after WWII Strong European countries were weak Strong European countries were weak Many countries gain indy in 1950’s and 60’s Many countries gain indy in 1950’s and 60’s Africans who went to Europe and US for education come back and begin movement Africans who went to Europe and US for education come back and begin movement

Most countries free by 1970’s Most countries free by 1970’s South Africa not until 1994—Nelson Mandela South Africa not until 1994—Nelson Mandela Many countries renamed themselves ex. Rhodesia— Zimbabwe Many countries renamed themselves ex. Rhodesia— Zimbabwe After European left, many countries go into a civil war between ethnic groups After European left, many countries go into a civil war between ethnic groups

Problems in the new countries Few highly educated people Few highly educated people US and Russia competed for allies during Cold War US and Russia competed for allies during Cold War Many countries under authoritarian rule— one ruler or small group controls and not responsible to the people Many countries under authoritarian rule— one ruler or small group controls and not responsible to the people Moving from subsistence farming to crops for export and profit Moving from subsistence farming to crops for export and profit UNEQUAL RESOURCES between countries– some very poor and some very rich UNEQUAL RESOURCES between countries– some very poor and some very rich

Need roads and communication systems Need roads and communication systems Confusing money systems Confusing money systems Incomes are from nonrenewable resources Incomes are from nonrenewable resources Ethnic conflicts!!!! Ethnic conflicts!!!!