Measures of Effectiveness and End-State Criteria Center of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

Measures of Effectiveness & End-State Criteria  Examine the development of MOEs for humanitarian emergencies  Identify some potential MOEs  Define interrelationship between MOEs, and end-states Objectives:

MOEs & Endstate  Evaluate whether mission is succeeding or failing Primary Use: Secondary Uses:  Establishes planning partnerships  Brings together organizations that need to support each other  Establish a common approach  Minimizes confusion & risk  Provides end-point or trend analysis

MUST ANSWER  What is to be done?  Who is responsible?  When will it be done?  Where will it be done?  Why will it be done?  How much will it cost?  How will we know success?

Measures of Effectiveness Step 1 Identify mission-specific tasks and events from: - prior missions - lessons learned - exercise scenario

Step 2: Categories Categories must be broad and inclusive SECURITY / LEVELS OF VIOLENCE AGRICULTURE / ECONOMIC MEDICAL / PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE SPECIFIC EVENTS

Categories  Infrastructure  Main supply route blocked  Airfield improvements needed  Security  Rioting  Attack on government vehicles  Medical  Measles outbreak in a refugee camp  Contamination of water supply

Measures of Effectiveness Step 3: Criteria What’s Measurable?

INFRASTRUCTURE AIRFIELD CAPACITY WATER SOURCES MAIN SUPPLY ROUTES REFUGEE CAMP A REFUGEE CAMP B REFUGEE CAMP C SUPPLY ROUTES

Measures  Economic and Agricultural  Market price of food / animals  Household Survey  Food available in home  Purchasing power  Public Health and Medical  Crude Mortality Rate (CMR)  Under-five mortality rates (U5 MR)  Malnutrition measurements

Some Suggested MOE Examples  % Target population resettled (refugees)  % of aid reaching delivery sites  Response time (delivery of relief to target site)  # of weapons collected, withdrawn (security)  Reduction of violent incidents (security)  No of police trained and operating (justice)  % Decrease in crude mortality (medical)

Some Suggested MOE Examples  % Decrease in case fatality rates (medical)  Rate of return to pre-disaster acceptable conditions - infrastructure  Efficiency and effectiveness of government :  sound budget?  needs assessment?

Measures of Effectiveness Step 4:  Identify which participants will measure what category events Examples: CategoryMeasured by InfrastructureMilitary, NGOs Public health/medicineNGOs, UN, CDC SecurityMilitary, NGOs, UN

Step 5: Communication  Identify venue for and means of communicating MOEs  Must include place/frequency (daily, wkly, mthly)  Examples: - Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC) - Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC) - Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center(HACC) - Other

Step 6: Variance Analysis  Based on any deviation from the predicted or expected time-line  Based on assumption that majority of disasters and their management are predictable time-line events  Based on worst possible scenario

End-states/Exit Strategies

Exit Strategy Definition: “... the planned transition to the host nation(s) of all functions performed on its (their) behalf by peace operations forces” “... the planned transition to the host nation(s) of all functions performed on its (their) behalf by peace operations forces” Benson and Thrash: Parameters. 1996

Developing Exit Strategies  Develop coordinated civil-military exit strategies  Transition (military end-state) dependent on “level of comfort/safety” of civilian agencies  Identify and seek requirements & confirmation to validate end-state

MOE/END STATE CONSIDERATIONS MOE/END STATE CONSIDERATIONS  Initial lack of relief agency participation  Pre-select MOEs if possible and structure by phase of operation  Transition to military end state dependent on safety of civilian agencies

Lessons Learned  Interagency planning can make or break an operation  Failure to integrate civil dimensions: - Undermines unity of effort on the ground - Pressures military to do more - Lengthens duration of commitment  Success requires early involvement - Accelerates contributions of civilian agencies

Measures of Effectiveness