Lecture 8 Young Adulthood

OBJECTIVES 1. Define young adulthood. 2. State the developmental tasks of young adulthood. 3. Name the physiological changes that occur in young adulthood. 4. State at least four priority health issues related to the young adult stage of the life cycle. 5. List the reproductive health issues of young adulthood. 6. Utilize knowledge of men's health need in applying-gender appropriate care and guidance 7. State two health screening preventative programs important during young adulthood.

8. Discuss the role of schools in helping individuals adjust and cope with tasks and challenges of young adulthood. 9. Describe the psychosocial tasks of young adulthood as described by Erikson. 10. Explain Paget's theory of cognitive thinking in young adulthood. 11. Describe Kohlberg's theory of moral development in the young adult. 12. Discuss piglets formal operational thinking as it applies to the young adult. 13. Trace the growth and development of a parent. 14. Design teaching techniques that will contribute to successful learning in the young adult.

Definition Young adulthood is most often defined as the age between 20 and 40 years. The stage may also be referred to as early adulthood. The legal age of adulthood is 18 years, when the individual can vote ,be drafted into the military, and enter into marital relationships without parental consent.

Developmental tasks of young adulthood The major developmental task or crisis of young adulthood is - Intimacy versus isolation. - Transition from the safety of the parents, home and the structure of the high school to achieve the tasks of self- support. -Independence. - By age 21 some adults live separately from parents, - Establish a commitment to a work identity - Develop an adult social role of their own design

Physiological changes Physical growth in height and weight and organ and sexual maturation are generally complete by young adulthood . Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically peak between ages20 and30 . Hard physical work and exercises are often enjoyed and are productive. Wise food choices provide optimum nutrition, and regular exercise can help maintain health and prevent obesity or cardiovascular disease. The priority areas include maintaining physical activity , fitness , and nutrition ; decrease in use of tobacco and alcohol ; positive mental heath health practice ; and adequate information concerning family planning options

Physiological changes The priority areas for health promotion during the young adulthood years include: Maintaining physical activity Fitness and nutrition Decrease use of tobacco and alcohol. Positive mental health practices. Adequate information concerning family planning The major cause of death in young adulthood are most often related to accident or violence and are both preventable

WOMEN HEALTH ISSUES - Women have great influence on childrearing and learning. Maintaining women's health, there fore, may enable them to influence generation of children to practice good health habits and choose health lifestyles. - The major risk factors contributing to the mortality rate include lack of prenatal care, inadequate knowledge of health needs , and poor nutrition. -Recent public education effort have increased awareness of the need for testicular self examination (TSE) and Breast self examination as a part of gender specific preventive health programs.

-Encouraging breast self-examinations and mammograms at appropriate intervals can lead to early detection and early intervention for breast cancer -Violent behavior against women is an epidemic and contributes to the morbidity and mortality statistics of young adult women

Cycle of Violence Phase I Tension Building Limited control Minor incident External influences Minor incident Minor incident Phase II explosion no control Minor incident Minor incident Minor incident Phase III Home moon Calming, loving, respect Longer than phase II but shorter than 1

Men’s Health Issues Men’s may be higher risk for injury due to their work environment . Men may also smoke and drink alcohol more often as compared with women, contributing to the development of many health problems. Education concerning the harmful effect of smoking, alcohol, substance abuse and obesity .

Psychosocial development There are many developmental tasks and challenges that occur during the young adult years. These tasks include developing mature sense of right and wrong. successful separation from family control. initiating lifestyle practice. establishing friends. intimate relationships. deciding on marriage and career goals. and developing parenting skills.

Psychosocial development Intimacy Erikson described establishing intimacy as one of the major tasks of young adulthood . It includes the ability to develop warm, trusting, honest relationship with another person with whom it is a safe to be open and express and share private thoughts Cognitive ability The young adults cognitive process involves realizing that knowledge is the integration of multiple points of view

Moral reasoning; Kohlberg was theorist who believed that the individual must be capable of the formal operational level of thought before achieving mature moral reasoning Parenting In today's society, not all adults achieve or desire marriage and family. When parents learn they are to have baby, both positive and negative feelings are evoked. The may want the baby and want to be perfect parents.

Teaching techniques for the young adult Successful adult learning always involves relating the information to the appropriate develop- mental tasks they are experiencing . Teaching goals should be made clear, outlining how the new knowledge can be applied and how it will benefit their current life roles. learning is lifelong process. Teaching techniques for young adult should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home ,or school