How to Write a Research Paper Day Three

How to Write a Research Paper Creating an outline Components of an essay Introduction Main body Conclusion Day Three

Creating an Outline Why? Organize the process of writing Shows logical flow of material Shows relationships between ideas Creates an order for the paper How? Determine the purpose Determine the audience Develop the thesis

Creating an Outline 1) Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper. 2) Organize: Group related ideas together. 3) Order: Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete. 4) Label: Create main and sub headings. Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/02/>.

Creating an Outline Parallelism Write each heading and subheading in the same structure Example: begin each with a verb in the same tense Bring materials Arrive on time Remain seated Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/>.

Creating an Outline Coordination Write each heading with the same significance as the other headings Write subheadings with the same significance as other subheadings Bring materials Pen Paper Arrive on time Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/>.

Creating an Outline Subordination Write each heading with a more general form Write each subheading with a more specific form Bring materials Pen Paper Arrive on time Remain seated Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/>.

Creating an Outline Division Divide each heading into two or more parts You may have many subheadings, but it there seem to be too many, try to combine some Bring materials Pen Paper Textbook Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/>.

Creating an Outline Basic format Roman numerals (I, II, III) Capitalized letters (A, B, C) Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) Lowercase letters (a, b, c) Heading One Subheading one Sub. one a. Sub. one Indent further after each breakdown! Tardiff, Elyssa, and Allen Brizee. "Why and How to Create a Useful Outline." 12 Nov. 2008.OWL Purdue.28 May 2009. <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/01/>.

Practice Using a thesis statement from yesterday, practice creating a brief outline using headings and subheadings.

Components of an Essay Title Introduction Main body paragraphs Conclusion

Components of an Essay Title As the reader’s first impression of your work, it should be appealing Try using a pun or other catchy device Center your title, but do not bold or underline it

Components of an Essay Introduction First sentence: attention grabber May be a quote, question, sound, etc. Middle sentences: flow from attention-grabber to thesis; preview main points Last sentence: thesis statement Thesis: controlling or main idea No specific details!

Components of an Essay Main body paragraphs Topic sentence Beginning of the paragraph; starts with transition word States the paragraph’s main idea Supporting sentences Provides details to support the main idea, such as sensory details, facts, examples Clincher sentence End of the paragraph Emphasizes the main idea and adds a “zing” Includes transition to next paragraph

Components of an Essay Electric insect traps, or “bug zappers,” are effective killing machines, but they kill the wrong kinds of insects, claims University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. Over the course of a summer, Tallamy and a high school student, Tim Frick, analyzed the victims of the electric traps installed in six yards in Newark, Delaware. Of the 13,789 insects killed, just 31—less than one-quarter of one percent—were biting insects. Tallamy and Frick estimate that the millions of traps employed in the U.S. needlessly kill 71 billion to 350 billion “nontarget insects” each year, causing untold damage to ecosystems. Bug zappers, they conclude, are “worthless” as well as “counterproductive.” Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,” Omni magazine Web site

Components of an Essay Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,” Electric insect traps, or “bug zappers,” are effective killing machines, but they kill the wrong kinds of insects, claims University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. Over the course of a summer, Tallamy and a high school student, Tim Frick, analyzed the victims of the electric traps installed in six yards in Newark, Delaware. Of the 13,789 insects killed, just 31—less than one-quarter of one percent—were biting insects. Tallamy and Frick estimate that the millions of traps employed in the U.S. needlessly kill 71 billion to 350 billion “nontarget insects” each year, causing untold damage to ecosystems. Bug zappers, they conclude, are “worthless” as well as “counterproductive.” Steve Nadis, “Bug Zappers Miss Their Mark,” Omni magazine Web site Topic sentence Supporting sentences: facts and statistics Clincher sentence

Components of an Essay Conclusion Restates thesis (without directly copying!) Recaps main point from main body paragraphs Leaves the reader something to remember Contains no new information!