1. a tool used for brainstorming and outlining your essay
Four Square
a tool used for brainstorming and outlining your essay

3. Introduction Paragraph
introduces the topic of your essay; it’s the first paragraph

4. Introductory Paragraph

5. Ding. The final bell rings
Ding! The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come! Students don’t have to think about school for at least another 2 ½ months. That is the way it should always be. Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule. Year-round school is a bad idea because it has no positive effect on education, it is very expensive, and it disrupts the long-awaited summer vacation.

6. The first sentence of your essay; it “grabs” the reader’s attention
Grabber
The first sentence of your essay; it “grabs” the reader’s attention

7. Introductory Paragraph
Grabber

8. Ding. The final bell rings
Ding! The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come! Students don’t have to think about school for at least another 2 ½ months. That is the way it should always be. Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule. Year-round school is a bad idea because it has no positive effect on education, it is very expensive, and it disrupts the long-awaited summer vacation.

9. Elaboration Sentences
the sentences in your introduction that follow the grabber and come before the thesis; they give additional information about your essay’s topic

10. Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Elaboration Sentences

11. Ding. The final bell rings
Ding! The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come! Students don’t have to think about school for at least another 2 ½ months. That is the way it should always be. Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule. Year-round school is a bad idea because it has no positive effect on education, it is very expensive, and it disrupts the long-awaited summer vacation.

12. Thesis
the three main points of your essay; the last sentence of your introduction paragraph and is restated as the first sentence in your conclusion paragraph

13. Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Elaboration Sentences
Thesis
Thesis (Restated)

14. Ding. The final bell rings
Ding! The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come! Students don’t have to think about school for at least another 2 ½ months. That is the way it should always be. Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule. Year-round school is a bad idea because it has no positive effect on education, it is very expensive, and it disrupts the long-awaited summer vacation.

15. Body Paragraphs
The three middle paragraphs; they must follow the order in which they were introduced in the thesis

16. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Thesis
Thesis (Restated)

17. Transition
the first word of each body paragraph; sometimes found as the first word of the conclusion paragraph

18. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Thesis (Restated)

19. Example Transition Words
However
Second
Suddenly
First
Also
Finally
For example
After
Next
Again

20. Topic Sentence
The first sentence in each body paragraph; what the body paragraph is about

21. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)

22. Evidence that supports the topic sentence
Concrete Detail
Evidence that supports the topic sentence -

23. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail

24. Detail that further describes the concrete detail
Vivid Detail
Detail that further describes the concrete detail
(5 senses)

25. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail

26. Concluding Sentence
Summarizes the paragraph; the last sentence of each body paragraph; NO NEW INFO! *

27. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence *
Concluding Sentence
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence

28. Conclusion Paragraph
The last paragraph of the essay; summarizes the essay; the first sentence is the restated thesis and the last sentence is the clincher.

29. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence *
Concluding Sentence
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Conclusion Paragraph
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence

30. The three middle sentences contain a detail from each body paragraph
Conclusion Paragraph
The three middle sentences contain a detail from each body paragraph

31. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence *
Concluding Sentence
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Conclusion Paragraph
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
-Detail from body paragraph #1
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
-Detail from body paragraph #2
-Detail from body paragraph #3
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence

32. The Clincher
The last sentence of the entire essay; it drives the point home; the final thought

33. Introductory Paragraph
Body Paragraph #1
Body Paragraph #2
Transition
Transition
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
Topic Sentence
- Concrete Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence *
Concluding Sentence
Introductory Paragraph
Grabber
Body Paragraph #3
Conclusion Paragraph
Elaboration Sentences
Transition
Transition
Thesis
Topic Sentence
Thesis (Restated)
- Concrete Detail
-Detail from body paragraph #1
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
-Detail from body paragraph #2
-Detail from body paragraph #3
- Concrete Detail
Vivid Detail
Vivid Detail *
Concluding Sentence
The Clincher