Animal Kingdom Notes Part I

Basics! Vertebrate – has a backbone –FEEL YOURS! Invertebrate – no backbone (simpler animals)

Basics! Endoskeleton – internal skeleton Exoskeleton – external skeleton

Basics Radial symmetry – an organism can be “cut” into two halves by placing a line anywhere through the middle (think pizza or pie) Bilateral symmetry- an organism can be “cut” into two halves using only one line through the middle (think a slice of pizza or pie)

Invertebrates Porifera (sponges) Cnidarians Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematodes (roundworms) Annelids (segmented worms) Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

Porifera Examples: Sponges Don’t move…filter feed. Called “poriferans” because bodies are made out of pores (feed through them). Reproduction – sexual or asexual, one way they can reproduce asexually is through regeneration STRUCTURE Collar cells – also called chaonocytes, have collar of cytoplasm around the flagella, help maintain flow of water through body

Spicules – hard, needle-like support structures that support their bodies. **Made out of spongin Amoebocyte – cells carry food around and help the sponges reproduce Porifera do not any true tissues or organs

Porifera Diversity!

Cnidarians Cnidarians – having stinging cells, hollow body cavities, and radial symmetry Examples: Jellyfish, Hydra Cnidarians have: –Tentacles –Nematocysts (stinging cells) Two possible shapes: –Medusa umbrella-shaped, tentacles down –Polyp cup like form, tentacles up ARKive - Brown hydra video

Cnidarians Made up of 2 layers Gastrovascular cavity is where digestion occurs Body has specialized tissues: –Digestive –Muscle –Nerve –Sensory

Stinging Cells! VIDEO: Giant Lion's Mane Jellyfish Stings 150 New Hampshire Beachgoers - ABC News

Cnidarian Diversity!