1. Porifera and Cnidarians

2. Porifera Sponges are the simplest found in this phylum
There are about 10,000 species of sponges and they are all aquatic
Asymmetrical and only have specialized cells

3. Sponges

4. Digestion and Feeding Filter feeders
Sift plankton through collar cells
Food is digested in a central cavity
Clean up ocean floor
Amebocytes, which are crawling cells, also help in feeding by distributing nutrients throughout the sponge.

6. Respiration
All sponges perform respiration through their cell walls

7. Circulatory
Sponges handle transportation by moving things through their body wall.
Amebocytes (crawling cells) also distribute nutrients throughout the Porifera’s body

8. Excretion Through an osculum (a large opening)
Amebocytes also transport CO2 and waste products through the osculum

9. Response
They release protective chemicals, like toxins, to discourage predators

10. Movement Contain no nerves or muscles
They are sessile (meaning that they are attached to the floor)
Swimming larva are carried by currents before settling down and forming a new sponge.
Skeleton composed of spongin (soft)  and spicules (hard)

11. Reproduction Reproduce sexually (sperm and eggs)
Most sponges are hermaphrodites, and self fertilization is AVOIDED by producing sperm and egg cells at different times.
Reproduce asexually (regeneration)
budding

12. Cnidarians jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone
Named after the stinging cells found on their tentacles called CNIDOCYTES
Radial symmetry
Have two body forms:
Polyp (vase shaped)
Medusa (bowl shaped)

13. Jellyfish
Sea Anome
Coral
Hydra

14. Feeding and Digestion Most are carnivorous.
They have stinging tentacles called nematocysts.
Digestion takes place in their gastrovascular cavity.

15. Respiration
Passes nutrients through cells by diffusion

16. Circulatory
Their “skin” contains three layers; the epidermis, the mesoglea and the gastroderm.
They also have two germ layers

17. Excretion
Through their mouth
Done by diffusion

18. Response Nervous system is build up of nerve nets
Corals produce poisons to protect themselves.
These poisons are used in cancer research and poison research.

19. Movement Non-swimming larva and swimming medusa
Hydrostatic skeleton that allows the them to change shape

20. Reproduction Sexual (medusa stage) Asexual (polyp stage)
Release sperm, zygote develops on the females.
Hermaphrodites: they can fertilize themselves because they contain both male and female reproductive organs
Asexual (polyp stage)
Budding

21. Flatworms Members of the phylum Platyhelminthes
First phylum to have three germ layers:
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Simplest animal with bilateral symmetry
Three classes of flatworms

22. Feeding Most are parasitic
Free-living : carnivores or scavengers; they have a digestive cavity, mouth and pharynx. Food is ingested through a muscular tube called the pharynx
Tapeworms have a hook and sucker that enables it to attach a host

23. Respiration and Circulation
Diffusion through the body wall
Thin bodies allow for materials to diffuse (respiration, excretion, etc)
Flame Cell – specialized cells that remove excess water

24. Response
Ganglia – group of nerve cells that control the body (like a brain)
Eyespot – group of cells that can detect light (like an eye)

25. Movement Flatworms move in 2 way:
Cilia helps them glide through the water
Muscle cells help them twist and turn

26. Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction – most flatworms are hermaphrodites (have both male and female sex organs)
Asexual Reproduction by fission 
flatworms can split in two and regenerate
Zygotes are passed out through the feces.

27. Roundworms Members of the phylum Nematoda Unsegmented worms
Pseudocoelom (false coelom)

28. Feeding and DIgestion Can be:
Free-living – predators
Parasites - humans and animals
Digestive tract with 2 openings: mouth & anus

29. Respiration and Circulation

30. Excretion
Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of ammonia through the body wall

31. Response

32. MOvement

33. Reproduction
Sexual reproduction,  Separate sexes