Exploring American History Unit VII- The Beginning of Modern America Chapter 23 Section 4 Establishing Peace

Establishing Peace The Big Idea The United States and the victorious Allied Powers clashed over postwar plans. Main Ideas The costs of war included millions of human lives as well as financial burdens. President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met to work out a peace agreement. The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

Main Idea 1: The costs of war included millions of human lives as well as financial burdens. Casualties Allied: 5 million soldiers dead Allied: 5 million soldiers dead Central Powers: 3.5 million soldiers dead Central Powers: 3.5 million soldiers dead Russia and Germany had the highest death tolls. Russia and Germany had the highest death tolls. Financial Losses $30 billion in property destroyed Allies: $145 billion spent Central Powers: $63 billion spent European nations deeply in debt

The Costs of War Analyze- How many soldiers died from the Central Powers and the Allies combined in World War I? Analyze- How many soldiers died from the Central Powers and the Allies combined in World War I? Draw Conclusions- Which side lost more money? Draw Conclusions- Which side lost more money? Elaborate- What effect did the influenza epidemic have on American Health? Elaborate- What effect did the influenza epidemic have on American Health?

Influenza Epidemic worldwide epidemic of influenza, or flu In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, or flu. Extremely contagious Deadly Spread by air No known cure Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then to Europe and beyond. 30 million people died from the virus worldwide. 30 million people died from the virus worldwide. 800,000 Americans died 800,000 Americans died Changed life in the United States Changed life in the United States

President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson developed plans for a postwar peace agreement. –Fourteen Points –League of Nations –League of Nations, an international assembly of nations. European leadersEuropean leaders disagreed with Wilson’s vision. punish Germany –Wanted to punish Germany for its role in the war prevent Germany –Wanted to prevent Germany from ever again becoming a world power Main Idea 2: President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met to work out a peace agreement.

Key Goals of the Fourteen Points End secret alliances End secret alliances Encourage free shipping Encourage free shipping Remove barriers to trade Remove barriers to trade Reduce armies and navies Reduce armies and navies Resolve colonial claims Support the right of people to choose their own government Settle border disputes Establish the League of Nations

Paris Peace Conference No representatives from Russia or the Central Powers No representatives from Russia or the Central Powers attended. Treaty of Versailles. Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace agreement, the Treaty of Versailles. American and European leaders met at the Paris Peace Conference American and European leaders met at the Paris Peace Conference, held at the palace of Versailles, near Paris Germany Allied leaders demanded that Germany –Accept complete blame for the war –Make reparations, or payments for war damages –Give up large parts of its territory

Revenge Conflicting Needs at the Peace Conference Independence The delegates arrived at the Peace Conference with competing needs and desires. Better World

The Peace Agreement Identify- What leaders from which countries attended the Paris Peace Conference? Identify- What leaders from which countries attended the Paris Peace Conference? Explain- What two things did European leaders want to do to Germany? Explain- What two things did European leaders want to do to Germany? Evaluate- Do you agree with the reparations to be paid by Germany/ Why or why not? Evaluate- Do you agree with the reparations to be paid by Germany/ Why or why not?

The Peace Agreement Recall- Which organization would work out problems after the treaty was signed? Recall- Which organization would work out problems after the treaty was signed? Evaluate- Why might the formation of the League of Nations have been a good idea? Evaluate- Why might the formation of the League of Nations have been a good idea?

German reparations of $33 billionGerman reparations of $33 billion League of NationsEstablished the League of Nations Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and YugoslaviaEstonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent nations. PolandPoland was restored as a nation Central Powers turned over their coloniesCentral Powers turned over their colonies to the League of Nations. Central Powers nations broken up The Treaty of Versailles

Main Idea 3: The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles. U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate. Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to set the terms of the peace and demanded changes. Republicans were worried about the League of Nations’ power to use military force. Senate voted and the Treaty of Versailles was defeated On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and the Treaty of Versailles was defeated. United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary The United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.

Versailles Treaty Rejected Recall- What interrupted Wilson’s treaty support tour? Recall- What interrupted Wilson’s treaty support tour? Describe- What did Wilson do to pressure Republican senators to vote for the treaty? Describe- What did Wilson do to pressure Republican senators to vote for the treaty? Evaluate- Do you think it was important for the United States to retain total control of its military forces? Evaluate- Do you think it was important for the United States to retain total control of its military forces?

Imperialism Events

Political Economic The Impact of World War I Social