The urinary system.

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Presentation transcript:

The urinary system

The urinary system Kidneys -----nephr/o,ren/o Renal pelvis-----pyel/o Urine--------------uria,urin/o Ureters-------ureter/o Urinary bladder-------cyst/o,vesic/o Urethra-------urethr/o

The Functions of the Urinary System Filter the blood to remove waste products product from the body (mainly urea and uric acid). Regulation of acid-base homeostasis Controlling blood volume and maintaining blood pressure Regulation of electrolyte balance (e.g. sodium, potassium and calcium)

The structures of the urinary system The urinary system is consists of four main parts: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra

The structures of the Kidneys: Each kidney consists of two layers that surround the renal pelvis. 1.The cortex: is the outer layer of the kidney. It contains over one million microscopic unit called nephron. 2. The medulla :is the inner one, it contains most of the urine collecting tubules. Nephrones: are the functional units of kidneys. They form urine by the process of filtrations re- absorption and secretion.

The structures of the urinary system The ureters: they are narrow tubes, each about 10-12 Cm long. Each ureter carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder. The Bladder : It is a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine. The urethra : it is the tube extending from the bladder to the out side of the body. The urethral meatus : it is the external opening of the urethra.

Medical specialties related to urinary system Urologist : Specializes in diagnosis and treating diseases and disorders of the kidney.

The terms related to urinary system meaning term Complete stopping of the urine formation by the kidney Anuria Toxic condition caused by increase amount of urea and waste products in blood stream Uremia Is a disease when kidney function is insufficient Chronic renal failure

The terms related to urinary system Enlargement of the renal pelvis of on or both kidney Hydronephrosis Inflammation of kidney Nephritis Distention of the ureter with urine Hydriureter Abnormal narrowing of the ureter Urterostenosis Pain in the urinary bladder Cystagia Inflammation of the urinary bladder Cystisis

The terms related to urinary system Bleeding from the bladder cystorrhagia Pain in the urethra Urethralgia Inflammation of the urethra Urethritis Pain from the urethra urethrorrhagia Abnormal discharge from the urethra Urethrorrhea Painful urination Dysuria Excessive urination Polyuria

LABORATORY TESTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES Visual examination of the urinary bladder Cystoscopy Is a drugs to increase urine secretion Diuretics Procedure to remove waste products from the blood of PT whose kidney no longer function Dialysis Lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood Peritoneal dialysis

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