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Urinary system Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure  Toxins  Metabolic wastes  Excess water Dispose of nitrogenous wastes from blood  Urea  Uric.

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Presentation on theme: "Urinary system Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure  Toxins  Metabolic wastes  Excess water Dispose of nitrogenous wastes from blood  Urea  Uric."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Urinary system

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4 Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure  Toxins  Metabolic wastes  Excess water Dispose of nitrogenous wastes from blood  Urea  Uric acid  Creatinine  Regulate the balance of water & electrolytes &acids and bases

5 1.Primary organs of the urinary system 2.Located between the 12 th thoracic and 3 rd lumbar vertebrae. Right is usually lower due to liver. 3.Lie in shallow depressions against the posterior abdominal wall 4.Held in place by connective tissue [renal fascia] and surrounded by thick layer of adipose [perirenal fat]

6 Structure of the Urinary system Paired kidneys A ureter for each kidney Urinary bladder Urethra

7 About 1% of total body weight. Main structures of the kidney: 1.Renal cortex 2.Renal medulla 3.Renal pelvis 4.Nephrons_____ is the functional unit of the kidney where urine forms

8 1.Excretion of waste products from the body. 2.Elimination of foreign substances. 3.Regulation of the amount of water in the body. 4.Regulate blood pressure. 5.Secrete erythropoietin. 6.Help activate vitamin D.

9  The wall of the ureter consists of three layers:  The outermost is a fibrous coat,  The middle layer is muscular [ circular & longitudinal]  The innermost layer is called the mucosa, a transitional epithelium that is continuous with the lining of the renal pelvis and bladder, also secretes a protective mucus Function :- Each ureter is about 25 cm long and carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder via peristaltic waves.

10  Smooth, muscular sac  It lies retroperitoneally on the pelvic floor posterior to the pubic symphysis The bladder wall has three layers 1.Transitional epithelial mucosa 2.A thick muscular layer 3.A fibrous adventitia 4.Males : prostate gland surrounds the neck inferiorly 5.Females : anterior to the vagina and uterus

11 1)stores urine 2)The bladder is distensible and collapses when empty 3)As urine accumulates, the bladder expands without significant rise in internal pressure

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13 Muscular tube that: Drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Sphincters keep the urethra closed when urine is not being passed. There are two  Internal urethral sphincter : involuntary control  External urethral sphincter : voluntary control.

14 The female urethra is tightly bound to the anterior vaginal wall Its external opening lies anterior to the vaginal opening and posterior to the clitoris Females 3-4 cm

15 The male urethra has three regions: 1.prostatic urethra 2.membranous urethra 3.penile urethra. males 20 cm

16 1. pH  range 4.5-8 average 6.0  vegetarian diet: urine is alkaline  protein rich diet: urine is Acidic 2. Specific gravity Ranges from 1.001 to 1.035 Urine is about 95% water. Contains urea and uric acid Normally, 1-2 liters of urine per day 3. Odor  normal is ammonia-like  diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone like due to elevated ketone levels

17 Urine is consider as toxic material as it contains: 1- Nitrogenous wastes 2-Other normal solutes include: ( Sodium, potassium, phosphate, etc……) 3-Abnormally urinary constituents may indicate pathology

18 1.Kidney Stones: Kidney stones are solid masses of mineral salt. 2.Polyuria (or diuresis): output in excess of 2 L/day Causes– fluid intake, some drugs, diabetes 3.Oliguria: output of less than 500 mL/day 4.Anuria: output of 0-100 mL/day Causes– kidney disease, dehydration, etc. 5.Dialysis: blood filtration procedure done if there is failure of the kidney.

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