1. 7:12 Urinary System AKA- Excretory system
Removes certain wastes and excess water from the body
Maintains homeostasis
Maintains acid-base balance
Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, and urethra

2. Kidneys: Bean-shaped organs
Location- Retroperitoneal
cavity
Protected by ribs & fat
STRUCTURES:
Cortex- where nephrons
work
Medulla-collecting tubes
Hilum-notched area
Nephrons-produce urine

3. Nephron
Blood -->Thru Artery 1. Glomerulus filters and blood returns thru artery 2. Waste goes thru Bowman’s capsule to identify what is kept by the body. 3.Waste goes thru proximal tubule down loop of henle Up distal tubule and to collecting duct.

4. Ureters Muscular tubes about 10–12 inches long
Extend from renal pelvis of each kidney to bladder
Peristalsis moves urine through tube to bladder

5. Bladder Muscular sac Lined with mucous membranes
Three layers of visceral
muscle form walls
Function: Store urine
Urge to void: 250 ml or approx. 1 cup of urine
Circular sphincter muscles: reflex action that becomes voluntary with age

6. Urethra Carries urine from bladder to the outside
Urinary meatus: external
opening
Female system: 3.75 cm, carries only urine
Male system: 20cm, carries urine and semen
Urine
Conditions affecting urination

7. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, bacterial
Glomerulonephritis or nephritis: Inflammation of the glomerulous of the kidney
Pyelonephritis: Kidney infection, bacterial
Renal calculus or urinary calculus: Kidney stones
Renal failure: Kidney stops functioning, can be short-term
Chronic renal failure: Long term Kidney failure r/HTN, DM, etc…
Uremia: Kidneys fail and urinary waste builds up in the blood
Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra, bacterial, bubble baths, etc…