Reaction of Hydrocarbons

Addition Reactions A common type of reaction is an _______________ of alkenes and alkynes Not alkanes Where there are _______ and ______ bonds, the molecule does not contain the maximum number of __________ and is ____________ tripledouble addition reaction hydrogen unsaturated

Addition Reactions Molecules are added across the ________ or ______ bond triple double

Addition Reactions

Which product do we get? Minor Major

Markovnikov’s Rule When adding a binary acid (like HCl) to an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen goes to the carbon with more __________ ___________________ The rich get richer hydrogens

Combustion Reactions Another common reaction is combustion If there is sufficient oxygen, then we have _________ combustion complete 1 C 3 H 8(g) + 5 O 2(g) → 3 CO 2(g) + 4 H 2 O (g)

Balancing Complete Combustion Example Write and balance the equation for the complete combustion of acetylene (ethyne). Formula for ethyne is:C 2 H 2 Reacts with oxygen gas: O 2 Products are carbon dioxide and water: CO 2 H 2 O Balance! 2 C 2 H 2(g) + 5 O 2 (g)  4 CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (g)

Combustion Reactions If there is insufficient oxygen, then we have ___________ combustion Instead of only carbon dioxide and water as products, we also form _______________ and _______________ incomplete Hydrocarbon (g) + O 2(g) → CO 2(g) + H 2 O (g) + CO (g) + C (s) carbon monoxide Carbon (soot)

Incomplete Combustion Reactions Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen present to fully burn up the hydrocarbon. The yellow flame of a candle indicates incomplete combustion because it is releasing carbon, which emits light energy in the yellow range of the visible spectrum. An incomplete combustion reaction can produce other compounds, often toxic. 2 C 3 H 8 (g) + 7 O 2 (g)  2 C (s) + 2 CO (g) + 2 CO 2 (g) + 8 H 2 O (g)

Balancing Incomplete Reactions Example 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is a major component of gasoline. Write a possible equation for the incomplete combustion reaction. Formula for 2,2,4-tmp is: C 8 H 18 Mixes with oxygen gas: O 2 Products are carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water: C, CO, CO 2, H 2 O Balance! 2 C 8 H 18 (g) + 15 O 2 (g)  8 C (s) + 4 CO (g) + 4 CO 2(g) + 18 H 2 O (l)