Chapter 20: The New Frontier and Great Society Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War

Standards 11.9 Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II Students analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II..3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following:.3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the following: The Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion The Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis

Learning Objective Trace* the origins and geopolitical* consequences of the cold war and policy of containment Trace* the origins and geopolitical* consequences of the cold war and policy of containment Trace Trace To follow the course, development, or history of some sequence of events To follow the course, development, or history of some sequence of events Geopolitical Geopolitical The combination of geographic and political factors influencing a country or region. The combination of geographic and political factors influencing a country or region. Origins and consequences are both foreign and domestic Origins and consequences are both foreign and domestic Two Events of focus: Two Events of focus: The Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion The Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis What are we going to do today? What are we going to do today? What are we going to trace? What are we going to trace?

John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy 35th President of the United states, elected in th President of the United states, elected in 1960 His experiences was the main question mark, he appeared ready and determined to fight His experiences was the main question mark, he appeared ready and determined to fight Democrat from Massachusetts, promised to get America moving again Democrat from Massachusetts, promised to get America moving again Entered the race with a well organized campaign, backing of wealthy family, and a handsome look and charisma that appealed to voters Entered the race with a well organized campaign, backing of wealthy family, and a handsome look and charisma that appealed to voters

43 years old and inexperienced 43 years old and inexperienced Concern over his Roman Catholic religion and the influence of the Pope in government Concern over his Roman Catholic religion and the influence of the Pope in government What were the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960? What were the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960? U.S. economy in recession, sputnik 1 and the development of long range missiles had the nation fearing they were falling behind the Soviets U.S. economy in recession, sputnik 1 and the development of long range missiles had the nation fearing they were falling behind the Soviets

Kennedy’s skillful use of television during debate and his stand on civil rights supporting and bailing out MLK Jr. earn him a narrow victory in 1960 Kennedy’s skillful use of television during debate and his stand on civil rights supporting and bailing out MLK Jr. earn him a narrow victory in 1960 Kennedy develops a policy of flexibility response, which enables the U.S. to fight limited wars while maintaining a nuclear balance of power with the Soviet Union Kennedy develops a policy of flexibility response, which enables the U.S. to fight limited wars while maintaining a nuclear balance of power with the Soviet Union What crises developed over Cuba? What crises developed over Cuba?

Fidel Castro rises to power in Cuba on the promise of democracy but declares himself a Communist after he takes control of the government Fidel Castro rises to power in Cuba on the promise of democracy but declares himself a Communist after he takes control of the government He began to organize the Cuban economy into communist styles by taking control of oil and sugar production for the government to run He began to organize the Cuban economy into communist styles by taking control of oil and sugar production for the government to run He had support from 90% of Cubans and the Soviet Union He had support from 90% of Cubans and the Soviet Union 10% of Cubans went into exile, many of them coming to the U.S. especially Miami 10% of Cubans went into exile, many of them coming to the U.S. especially Miami

The failed Bay of Pigs invasion, in which U.S. supported exiles were going to attempt to start an uprising to throw Castro out of power went horribly wrong and embarrassed the U.S. and enhanced Castro’s stature The failed Bay of Pigs invasion, in which U.S. supported exiles were going to attempt to start an uprising to throw Castro out of power went horribly wrong and embarrassed the U.S. and enhanced Castro’s stature The U.S. and Soviet Union come to the brink of nuclear during the Cuban Missile Crisis The U.S. and Soviet Union come to the brink of nuclear during the Cuban Missile Crisis October 14, 1962, an American U-2 spotted Soviet missiles on cuba-some aimed at the U.S. and ready to launch October 14, 1962, an American U-2 spotted Soviet missiles on cuba-some aimed at the U.S. and ready to launch

Kennedy explains to U.S. the situation and tells of plans to attack Soviets if missiles are fired Kennedy explains to U.S. the situation and tells of plans to attack Soviets if missiles are fired Kennedy implements a naval quarantine blocking Soviet ships from reaching Cuba Kennedy implements a naval quarantine blocking Soviet ships from reaching Cuba Soviet ships possibly carrying nucs are called back to Soviet Union by Khrushchev Soviet ships possibly carrying nucs are called back to Soviet Union by Khrushchev 13 days later, on October 28, 1962 Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles if U.S. will not invade Cuba 13 days later, on October 28, 1962 Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles if U.S. will not invade Cuba Khrushchev lost prestige in Soviet Union, Kennedy was accused of practicing brinkmanship Khrushchev lost prestige in Soviet Union, Kennedy was accused of practicing brinkmanship

Many Cuban exiles blame Kennedy and the democrats for “losing Cuba” Many Cuban exiles blame Kennedy and the democrats for “losing Cuba” How did Berlin symbolize the Cold War tensions of the early 1960s? How did Berlin symbolize the Cold War tensions of the early 1960s? West Berlin was a showcase of democracy, and in 11 years 3 million East Germans fled to West Berlin West Berlin was a showcase of democracy, and in 11 years 3 million East Germans fled to West Berlin The Berlin Wall stops the flow of East German refugees but aggravates Cold War tensions The Berlin Wall stops the flow of East German refugees but aggravates Cold War tensions

The Wall became an ugly symbol of communist oppression that was now on display for the world to see The Wall became an ugly symbol of communist oppression that was now on display for the world to see Kennedy and Khrushchev establish a telephone hotline (represented by the red phone you might sometimes see in movies occurring during this time period) and agree to a Limited Test Ban Treaty in an effort to ease tensions Kennedy and Khrushchev establish a telephone hotline (represented by the red phone you might sometimes see in movies occurring during this time period) and agree to a Limited Test Ban Treaty in an effort to ease tensions

Close Close A series of Cold War crises occupied much of Kennedy’s first term. A series of Cold War crises occupied much of Kennedy’s first term. Once these were behind him, the president planned to turn his attention to the nation’s issues with the borders claiming that “the nation could not be stronger abroad than at home.” Once these were behind him, the president planned to turn his attention to the nation’s issues with the borders claiming that “the nation could not be stronger abroad than at home.” Unfortunately, Kennedy would never have the chance to achieve his domestic goals. Unfortunately, Kennedy would never have the chance to achieve his domestic goals.