Assessment of separate collection in 28 capitals of the EU Separate Waste Collection in the Context of a Circular Economy in Europe, 29/01/2016 Nicole Seyring (BiPRO) Dr Márton Herczeg (CRI)

Background on EU law on separate collection EU statistics Content Background on EU law on separate collection EU statistics EU project on separate collection Waste collection on EU-28 Member State level Results from EU-28 capitals cities Conclusions – key recommendations

Background on EU law on separate collection

EU Law: Definition of separate collection Article 11 (1): Separate collection of four waste types by 2015 separate collection shall be set up for at least the following: paper, metal, plastic and glass Article 22 WFD: Separate collection of bio-waste MS shall take measures, (…) to encourage: the separate collection of bio-waste with a view to the composting and digestion of bio-waste

EU Law: Definition of separate collection Article 3 (11) WFD: Definition separate collection: "‘separate collection’ means the collection where a waste stream is kept separately by type and nature so as to facilitate a specific treatment“

EU Law: Definition of separate collection Article 10 (2): Separate collection and recovery (…) to facilitate/improve recovery, waste shall be collected separately (*) and shall not be mixed with other waste or other material with different properties. Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling „(…) promote high quality recycling and, to this end, shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors.” (and to attain the targets) *if technically, environmentally and economically practicable

EU Law: Circular economy package Article 11 PLUS MS shall take measures, as appropriate, to promote preparing for re-use activities, notably by encouraging the establishment of and support for re-use and repair networks and by facilitating the access of such networks to waste collection points, and by promoting the use of economic instruments, procurement criteria, quantitative objectives or other measures Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling „(…) shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors and to attain the targets *

EU statistics

Recycling rate in EU-28 Recycling rate = % of municipal waste generated which is recycled or composted [EEA 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT

Landfilling in EU-28 Landfill rate = % of municipal waste generated which is landfilled [EUROSTAT 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT

Annual % increase needed in EU-28 to achieve 50% recycling in 2020 [EEA 2013] Managing municipal solid waste, p. 27, data source: EUROSTAT and ETC/SCP

EU project on separate collection

Content of project Legal framework in EU-28 Collection schemes and strategies in EU-28 Separate collection schemes in EU-28 capital cities Headline scoreboard for major indicators Good practice examples (5 cities)

Separate door-to-door Co-minling door-to-door Content of project Priority waste streams mentioned in Article 10(2) and Article 11(1) paper, metal, plastic, glass + bio-waste All collection systems that collect one/more of the five streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source Separate door-to-door Co-minling door-to-door Bring points Civic amenity sites

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm Results Final report 28 national factsheets (national legislation and main strategies, priority collection schemes) 28 capital factsheets (generation and collection data, collection scheme in capital, material, quantities and costs, material flows) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm

Waste collection on EU-28 MS level

EU-28 MS where separate door-to-door is the primary collection

EU-28 MS relying mainly on bring systems

Results from EU-28 capitals cities

Data issues and comparability definition of the waste collected General remarks Data issues and comparability definition of the waste collected responsibility for municipal/household waste city waste composition date for estimating capture rates recent changes in the system (i.e. partial temporal coverage) Lack of information how waste is treated in the end reject rates, treatment routes, exports, etc Poor information on financial/economic data For complete notes on data, always refer to Table 6-1 on page 78-79 when interpreting the figures!

Example: Material flows in Berlin Glass Generated (123 609 t) Rejected (6 661 t) Exported for recycling (?) Separately collected (66 607 t) Recycled within country (59 946 t) Not separately collected (57 002 t) Paper 65 % separate collected netto via 100% door-to-door collection 10 % rejection 90% recycling Paper Glass 53 % separate collected netto via 70% door-to-door collection 10 % rejection 90% recycling Generated (260 567 t) Rejected (17 099 t) Exported for recycling (?) Separately collected (170 992t) Recycled within country (153 893 t) Not separately collected (89 575 t)

Collection systems in the capitals

Amounts collected separately via different systems Separate collection above 20% Separate collection above 35%

Amounts collected separately via different systems

Capture rate The share of the generated quantity of a given material that is separately collected: Paper, glass, plastics, metal, metal+plastics combined This usually requires sorting analysis of residual waste (available at city or national level). total amount generated % collected separately

Capture rates: paper With bring points only

Capture rates: glass With bring points only

Capture rates: plastics

Capture rates: metal

Capture rates: plastics and metal combined

Capture rates: bio-waste

Pricing schemes performance

Key recommendations

Key recommendation Separate collection of waste fractions leads to higher recycling levels. Door-to-door collection result in the highest capture rates and yields of recyclables. Strict separate collection (one recyclable in one bin) usually leads to better recycling rates. Involving the private sector can help reduce costs management burden, however, often a lack of transparency and information. Implementation of Pay As You Throw (PAYT) for (residual) waste collection is one of the main success factor for successful separate collection.

Thank you very much Nicole Seyring / BiPRO Nicole.Seyring@bipro.de Márton Herczeg / CRI marton.herczeg@cri.dk http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm