1. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Aid in the management and European comparison of Municipal Solid WASte Treatment methods for a global and sustainable approach Orleans Case Study Fifth Framework Program

2. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Steps 1 & 2: basic experimental data Data collection  From municipalities  From private companies manager of treatment plant Data treatment  Identification of inconsistencies (definition of streams, definition of waste, dates,…)  Identification of uncoherence (in - out  0)  Collection of missing data  Awast default values  Statistical bases Results: flowsheet and streams data = 8 meetings

3. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Orleans flowsheet 280 000 inhabitants 22 municipalities Meziere 20 km Incineration MBT Landfill Composting Sorting Chaingy 10 km St Peravy 45 km Chevilly 15 km Lorris 55 km Change 220 km 10 km

4. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Data collected used for simulator build-up Treatment plants Collection:  Flowrate of waste collected  Calibration of collection process based on 2003 6 first months Sorting: products sold & total input Landfill: operator annual report 2002 Transport: kms Incineration: AGGLO annual report 2002 Mechanical and biological treatment plant: most data extracted from Tratolixo simulator (database) and models adjusted with annual report 2002 data Other composting plants  Database biowaste plants

5. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Steps 3 & 4: simulator build-up Results: the data available allows to make a complete simulator of the actual situation in 2002

6. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Global Orléans 2002 Compost 9456 t/y Scrap 45 t/y Bottom ash 18814 t/y Scrap 2689 t/y Composting Plants 24298 t/y Incineration Plant 100113 t/y Landfill 78487 t/y Direct Recycling 25811 t/y Composite pack 143 t/y Metals 2149 t/y Paper-cardboard 10178 t/y Plastics 1166 t/y 1791 t/y Residues 2914 t/y Org waste 3908 Biowaste 15263 Mixed waste 945 Biol Fraction 4181 Heavy 3429 t/y Bulky waste 4268 t/y Sorting Plants 27499 t/y Wood 4889 t/y Bulky waste 15793 Hazardous 281 Oil-fat 107 Ferrous Metal 3172 Glass 6458 Mixed waste 17913 Therm. Fract 75695 Oil-fat 163 Bulky waste 1520 Mixed second 13480 Recycl. fract 11751 Paper 748 COLLECTION Compost residues 6446 t/y Ash - Filter cake 1695 t/y Road waste 9589 Bulky waste 16117 Mixed waste 46307 Org. waste 2987

7. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Step 5: simulation of scenarios Scenarios  Scenario 0: Assessment of the waste management system in 2003  Scenario 1: New collection of biowaste and composting

8. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - approach Calculation of waste generated in 2003 Modelling of the new collection system implemented in 2003 Calculation of collected flows, collection performance, energy and costs Simulation of waste management system in 2003

9. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - Waste generation in 2003 Available 2003 data:  Data for the first half of the year (January-June 2003) for some waste streams  Source: Municipality The need:  Data for the entire year! Study of the waste generation in 2002 Determination of the first six months ratio compared to the entire year for 2002 Estimation of the waste generation for the whole year 2003 based on:  The 2002 ratio applied on the 2003 January-June data  Assumptions for unknown streams

10. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - Waste generated Waste generated per inhabitants: 346 Kg per inhab. per year Others waste generated:

11. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - Waste collected

12. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - Simulation of collection in 2003 Collection of mixed waste Separate waste collection - Curbside 5 areas for curbside collection

13. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - Simulation of collection in 2003 Social aspect:  216 employees for collection  24 others Energy aspect: 15 880 325 MJ = 449 231 liters of diesel Environment: 948 326 kms driven with Cost aspect: 44 euros per inhabitants

14. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection 11% Compost 9724 t/y Scrap 45 t/y Bottom ash 19940 t/y Scrap 2825 t/y Composting Plants 24856 t/y Incineration Plant 104503 t/y Landfill 79451 t/y Direct Recycling 27699 t/y Composite pack 159 t/y Metals 2121 t/y Paper-cardboard 11993 t/y Plastics 832 t/y 1781 t/y Residues 3737 t/y Org waste 3909 Biowaste 15887 Mixed waste 930 Biol Fraction 4130 Heavy 3384 t/y Bulky waste 4208 t/y Sorting Plants 29721 t/y Wood 4889 t/y Bulky waste 16626 Hazardous 296 Oil-fat 113 Ferr. Metal 3339 Glass 7325 Mixed waste 22494 Therm. Fract 74763 Oil-fat 125 Bulky waste 1450 Mixed second 13480 Recycl. fract 14056 Paper 735 COLLECTION Compost residues 6663 t/y Ash - Filter cake 1819 t/y Road waste 9590 Bulky waste 16967 Mixed waste 46307 Org. waste 2987 12% 38% 10% 30% 100%

15. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Cost Compost Scrap Bottom ash Scrap Composting Plants 744,880 € Incineration Plant 3,096,445 € Landfill 6,231,765 € Direct Recycling Composite pack Metals Paper-cardboard Plastics Residues 322,797 € Heavy Bulky waste Sorting Plants 3,757,391 € Wood 988 835 € 3, 823,979 € 2,542,473 € COLLECTION 12,024,716 € Compost residues Ash - Filter cake 169,963 € Additional cost 4,176,670 € 100% 8% 21% 32% 3% 1% 47% 15% 12% 3% 24% 35%

16. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Energy Compost Scrap Bottom ash Scrap Composting Plants Incineration Plant - 182,341,152 MJ + 31,977,300 MJ Landfill - 28,980,880 MJ Direct Recycling Composite pack Metals Paper-cardboard Plastics Residues Collection 1,521,906 MJ Transport 77,629 MJ Heavy Bulky waste Sorting Plants Wood Collection 2,737,423 MJ Collection 6,257,852 MJ Transport 240,966 MJ Collection 4,899,864 MJ Transport 216,979 MJ COLLECTION TRANSPORT 15,880,325 MJ 1,166,339 MJ Compost residues Ash - Filter cake Collection 463,226 MJ Transport 625,165 MJ Transport 2,874,772 MJ Transport 1,328,191 MJ Transport 109,585 MJ

17. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - simulation results Multi-criteria assessment:  Matter balance  Cost balance  Energy balance  Emissions to environment

18. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 0 - simulation results Matter balance: 255 506 tons  Imported waste: 32%  Total waste from Orleans:  634 kg/inhab.year Cost balance:  25 855 197 € = 101 €/ton Energy balance:  Consumption = 53 336 512 MJ  209 MJ/ton  Production = 211 322 032 MJ  827 MJ/ton % Matter recovery: 25.2%  Compost: 3.8%  + 7.8% bottom ashes % Waste in landfill: 33.7%

19. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Compost 82 t/y Scrap 0 t/y Bottom ash 208 t/y Scrap 0 t/y Composting Plants 1636 t/y Incineration Plant 25968 t/y Landfill 11361 t/y Direct Recycling 35 t/y Composite pack 0 t/y Metals 0 t/y Paper-cardboard 11993 t/y Plastics 0 t/y 213 t/y Residues 1455 t/y Org waste 53 Biowaste 318 Mixed waste 233 Biol Fraction 1032 Heavy 699 t/y Bulky waste 0 t/y Sorting Plants 13661 t/y Wood 0 t/y Bulky waste 0 Hazardous 0 Oil-fat 0 Ferrous Metal 33.5 Glass 1.5 Mixed waste 5123 Therm. Fract 18691 Oil-fat 0 Bulky waste 0 Mixed second 2130 Recycl. fract 10866 Paper 665 COLLECTION Compost residues 133 t/y Ash - Filter cake 0 t/y Road waste 3356 Bulky waste 0 Mixed waste 7792 Org. waste 0 Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Paper 0.1% 25.9% 49.3% 3.1% 21.6%

20. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Compost 2.1 t/y Scrap 0.008 t/y Bottom ash 29.4 t/y Scrap 1 t/y Composting Plants 4.2 t/y Incineration Plant 33.9 t/y Disposal 36.4 t/y Direct Recycling 11.4 t/y Composite pack 0.1 t/y Metals 3.5 t/y Paper-cardboard 0.9 t/y Plastics 0.3 t/y 0.6 t/y Residues 1.4 t/y Org waste 0.9 Biowaste 1.7 Mixed waste 0.3 Biol Fraction 1.3 Heavy 1.2 t/y Bulky waste 2.8 t/y Sorting Plants 9.8 t/y Wood 0.2 t/y Bulky waste 7.5 Hazardous 0.3 Oil-fat 0 Ferrous Metal 0.7 Glass 2.9 Mixed waste 8 Therm. Fract 23.3 Oil-fat 0 Bulky waste 0.6 Mixed second 6.6 Recycl. fract 2.5 Paper 0.1 COLLECTION Compost residues 0.8 t/y Ash - Filter cake 3.5 t/y Road waste 2.8 Bulky waste 7.6 Mixed waste 21.8 Org. waste 0.1 11.9% 10.3% 35.4% 4.4% 38.0% Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Pb 100%

21. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 1 New collection of biowaste Closing of MBT plant (composting of mixed waste) Redirecting mixed waste to incineration Composting of biowaste in Meziere plant

22. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 1 - collection New collection of biowaste Hypothesis  60 kg/inhab.year  Frequency: once per week  One crew per day Results  For biowaste collection  11 vehicles  48 employees for collection  6 employees: manager and secretary  Performance: 0,8 tons per loader per working hour  21€ per ton for containers purchasing  110 € per tons (vehicles and labour) 7.6 € per inhabitants for the biowaste collection Additive cost (scenario 1/scenario 0) = 11.2€ per inhabitants

23. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection Compost 19638 t/y Scrap 0 t/y Bottom ash 18675 t/y Scrap 2758 t/y Composting Plants 36224 t/y Incineration Plant 89750 t/y Landfill 79251 t/y Direct Recycling 27699 t/y Composite pack 159 t/y Metals 2121 t/y Paper-cardboard 11993 t/y Plastics 832 t/y 1781 t/y Residues 3737 t/y Org waste 3909 Biowaste 32314 Mixed waste 0 Biol Fraction 1 Heavy 0.5 t/y Bulky waste 4208 t/y Sorting Plants 29721 t/y Wood 4889 t/y Bulky waste 16626 Hazardous 296 Oil-fat 113 Ferrous Metal 3339 Glass 7325 Mixed waste 23424 Therm. Fract 62464 Oil-fat 125 Bulky waste 1450 Mixed second 13480 Recycl. fract 14055 Paper 736 COLLECTION Compost residues 12378 t/y Ash - Filter cake 1619 t/y Road waste 9590 Bulky waste 16967 Mixed waste 46307 Org. waste 2987 100% 12% 14% 30% 34% 11%

24. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Compost Scrap Bottom ash Scrap Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection - Cost Composting Plants 1,043,671 € Incineration Plant 2,919,685 € Landfill 6,231,765 € Direct Recycling Composite pack Metals Paper-cardboard Plastics Residues 2,267,186 € Heavy Bulky waste Sorting Plants 3,757,391 € Wood 988,835 € 4, 027,781 € 2,534,756 € COLLECTION 15,081,289 € Compost residues Ash - Filter cake 169,963 € Additional cost 5,092,768 €

25. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Compost Scrap Bottom ash Scrap Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection - Energy Composting Plants Incineration Plant - 170,813,170 MJ + 27,463,170 MJ Disposal - 28,980,880 MJ Direct Recycling Composite pack Metals Paper-cardboard Plastics Residues Collection 4,790,556 MJ Transport 62,611 MJ Heavy Bulky waste Sorting Plants Wood Collection 2,737,423 MJ Collection 6,007,914 MJ Transport 250,829 MJ Collection 4,899,864 MJ Transport 216,978 MJ COLLECTION TRANSPORT 18,898,993 MJ 1,155,583 MJ Compost residues Ash - Filter cake Collection 463,226 MJ Transport 625,165 MJ Transport 2,874,772 MJ Transport 1,252,906 MJ Transport 217,756 MJ

26. AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003 Scenario 1 compared to Scenario 0 Waste treatment:  Thermal treatment: -4.4% of waste input  -12% of waste thermally treated  Biological treatment: +4.4% of waste input  +46% of waste biologically treated Matter balance:  % Matter recovery: 29.1% (+3.8%)  % Residues: 35.9% (-2.2%) Cost balance: +3 178 604 €  +12%  +11.6 € per inhabitants Energy balance:  -1 473 332 MJ consummed (-3%)  -11 527 982 MJ produced (-5%) Social aspect: +54 employees for the new collection