Commodus, AD180-192 Freedman Cleander – sold 25 consulships in one day Mistress Marcia selected Praetorian Prefects Renamed Rome ‘Colony of Commodus’ Finally.

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Presentation transcript:

Commodus, AD Freedman Cleander – sold 25 consulships in one day Mistress Marcia selected Praetorian Prefects Renamed Rome ‘Colony of Commodus’ Finally throttled in his bath by a Praetorian Prefect with Marcia’s help Followed by long period of chaos- some emperors tried/others incompetent and killed

Autocracy – AD Principate – Emperor as the top man in the bureaucracy Autocracy – Emperor as the only man Rome’s transition – monarchy to republic to principate to autocracy (with oriental trimmings

Diocletian – AD 284 Autocracy 50 years prior had had 18 emperors Split empire into halves – East & West with tetrarchy in charge of all, 2 Augusti and 2 Caesares RESIGNED in 305 Chaos again….resulting in Constantine

Constantine – 1 st Christian emperor 311 won great battle under Christian ensign (in hoc signo vinces) to gain west back Declared Christianity to be the official religion of empire Moved seat of government to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople Constantine’s rule taken as the terminus of ancient history

Post Constantine 13 years of war among successors Julian the Apostate (361) Jovian (8 months) Valentinian I ( ) Huns incursion into Germany Theodosius I ( ) outlawed all religions except Christianity – from this point empire is permanently divided

From the north and east Alaric, a Visigoth, marched to walls of Rome in s Attila and Aetius (Roman general) battle 455 Vandals plunder Rome in a sea raid 476 Oadocer, from Danube, took Rome and maintained rule of Italy Western empire taken by invaders

Empire of the Huns

Why did Rome fall? Political chaos caused decrease in agricultural and industrial productivity Malaria Climate change Dysgenic breeding Social vices Loss of best men in wars Disappearance of aristocracy Economic failures Faults in political structure – centralized power discouraged initiative and creativity Issues of succession to imperial power NEVER solved Overextended – breakdown of army’s loyalty and discipline

Roman Emperors