UNCTAD Classification – CREATIVE INDUSTRIES/CREATIVE ECONOMY HERITAGE ARTS MEDIA FUNCTIONAL CREATIONS A) Traditional Cultural Expressions Arts and Crafts Festivals Celebrations A) Visual Arts Painting Sculpture Antiques Photograph y etc A) Publishing and Printed media Books Newspapers Press and other publications B) Audio- visuals Film T.V Radio broadcasting A) Design Interior Graphic Fashion Jewellery Toys

HERITAGE ARTS MEDIA B) Cultural Sites Historical monuments Museums FUNCTIONAL CREATIONS B) Cultural Sites Historical monuments Museums Libraries Archives etc B) Performing Arts Live music Theatre Dance Opera Puppetry Circus etc C) New Media Digitized content Software Video games Animations etc B) Creative services Architecture Advertising Creative R&D Cultural services Digital services etc Source: UNCTAD Creative Economy Report 2008

COMMENTS (UNCTAD Creative Economy Report 2008 ) 4 areas critical to generate diversified and competitive creative goods and services for trade and development gains which many developing countries lack are: 1. The Know-how 2. Investment 3. Business 4. Marketing

A) At the National level CHALLENGES FACING MOST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN DEVELOPING THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY A) At the National level The need to upgrade quality at the various stages of the value chain (creation, production, marketing and distribution, consumption) of creative production. Promote inter-ministerial action. Reinforce competition policies. Encouraging financing schemes to support independent micro & small creative entrepreneurs. Attract joint ventures and co-productions. Promote public – private partnerships. Increase awareness about intellectual property rights and reinforce domestic collecting systems. Improve mechanisms for accessing advanced technologies including ICT.

B) At the International level Market access Non – competitive business practices due to the oligopolistic market structure The concentration of market channels and distribution networks in few major markets Limited access to funds from regional and multilateral creditors to the creative sector. Technological exclusion, which undermines the competitiveness of developing countries RECOMMENDATION Each country should identify the creative industry with its best competitive advantage in the global market.