1. 1 ITU/EBU Meeting of High-Level Experts on Competitive Platforms for the Delivery of Digital Content Participative web: User-created content Graham Vickery OECD 21-22 June 2007

2. 2 Overview The development and impacts of user-created content and implications for policy Questions covered: 1.Definitions and measurement 2.Drivers and types of user-created content 3.Changing value chains, new business models 4.Impacts on business and society 5.Associated challenges and roles for policy Is there a government role and what form does it take?

3. 3 Definitions, drivers and types Participative web New Web services, readily available software and high- speed broadband enable: => development and customisation of content => commercial / non-commercial use of “collective intelligence” of Internet users => users contribute to developing, rating, collaborating and distributing Internet content User-created content Publication requirement Creative effort Creation outside of professional practices Often no institutional or commercial / market context

4. 4 Types of UCC Text Photos/images Music and audio Video and film Citizen journalism Educational content Mobile content Virtual content in online environments User-created content to advise on goods purchases, travel, other information Distribution platforms Blogs, Wikis and sites allowing feedback on written works Group-based aggregation Podcasting Social network sites Virtual worlds Content or filesharing sites

5. 5 Users creating content for or on UCC platforms User/Consumer Device and software to access digital content UCC platforms Access providers (ISPs, mobile) Device and software to create digital content Users rating and recommending, creation of derivative works Payment technology UCC selected for traditional distribution chain Support & Production & Manufacturing Advertising & Marketing & Sales Broadcasting & Radio & Cinema & Retail Other artists Device to access content Consumers Fees / Advertising Access providers (ISPs, mobile) New models for generating revenues? Internet value chain for user-created content and links to established chain

6. 6 Five basic models: Voluntary contributions Charging viewers for UCC services – pay-per- item or subscriptions (including bundling) Advertising-based Licensing to third parties Selling other goods and services online Remunerating creators – revenue-sharing or content payment Business models: how to make money

7. 7 Consumer electronics and ICT goods Software producers ISPs and web portals UCC platforms and sites Users & creators –UCC platforms remunerating content creators –Search engines –Down-side on professional creators? Advertising Marketing and brands Economic impacts of user-created content

8. 8 Impacts on information production with increased user autonomy and participation Democratisation of media production Production of value outside of commercial market place (pure forms or hybrids) Cultural impacts Citizenship engagement and politics Educational and informative impact Impact on ICT and other skills Social challenges of user-created content Social impacts of user-created content

9. 9 Source: Second Life.

10. 10 Issues for business and policy Enhancing R&D, innovation and technology in content, networks, software and new technologies Developing a competitive, non-discriminatory framework for creation, distribution and access Enhancing the infrastructure Business and regulatory environment Intellectual property, information and content quality, freedom of expression, mature and illegal content Virtual property rights and taxation Governments as producers and users of content Conceptualisation, classification and measurement

11. 11 Policy discussion Encouraging economic, social and cultural benefits: Ensuring a viable long-term Internet environment Defining the boundaries of legitimate use Governments promote user-created content? New models to foster creativity? Creating a pro-innovation business environment Public broadcaster/public body initiatives What else? and what next?

12. 12 Further information OECD studies “The participative web: User-created content” and further studies on digital content http://www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent http://www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent “Participative Web: Shaping Policies for Creativity, Confidence and Convergence in the Digital World” Technology Foresight Forum: OECD and Industry Canada 3 October 2007, Government Conference Center, Ottawa, Canada http://www.oecd.org/futureinternet/participativewebwww.oecd.org/futureinternet/participativeweb OECD Information Technology Outlooks http://www.oecd.org/sti/ito http://www.oecd.org/sti/ito graham.vickery@oecd.org