October 2, 2012 Objective: Students will understand and compare abiotic and biotic factors; define and contrast population and species Do Now: Have Ch 4 Vocab out to be checked Define and identify biotic and abiotic factors HW: work on Chapter 4 Packet Ch 4 Vocab Quiz – Friday Oct. 5

The Organization of Life Chapter 4

Ecosystem Definition: All the organisms living in an area together along with their physical environment All ecosystems are connected – both living and non-living things move from one to another

Basic Components of an Ecosystem Basic Components Energy (mostly from the sun) Minerals Carbon dioxide Water Oxygen Organisms Made up of biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things)

Levels of Organization of an Ecosystem Biosphere > ecosystems > community > population > species > organisms Organism is an individual living thing Species a group of organisms with similar characteristics that can mate to produce fertile offspring

Population is members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time Community is a group of various species that live in the same area and interact with each other, made up only of biotic components. Habitat – a place an organism lives Has specific biotic and abiotic factors needed by the organisms that live there.

Levels of Ecological Organization

October 3, 2012 Objective: SWBAT describe and summarize evolution by natural selection Do Now: Work on Map Skills page in Ch 4 Packet Read over video question sheet Video – Evolution: Darwin’s Dangerous Idea

October 4, 2011 Objective: SWBAT describe and summarize evolution by natural selection Do Now: Have Ch 4 Packet p. 7 – 8 out to be checked & Have Ch 4 Vocab out to mark terms to study Answer Questions # 1 – 8 on Video Question sheet from the part you saw yesterday. Video – Evolution: Darwin’s Dangerous Idea

October 8, 2012 Objective: SWBAT compare and contrast evolution by natural selection and evolution by artificial selection; explain concept of adaptation Do Now: In your own words, explain: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Adaptation  give examples

Terms to Study for Chapter 4 Vocabulary Quiz – Friday 10/7 Angiosperm Artificial Selection Community Ecosystem Gymnosperm Habitat Natural Selection Organism Population Species

Evolution Evolution: a change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next. Theory of Evolution – Darwin  Natural Selection Natural Selection – “Survival of the fittest” the environment selects which traits make individuals more suited to survive and those individuals will live and reproduce longer – the “fittest” or “strongest” survives

Over very long period of time and many generations, the characteristics of the population change based on the environment Table 1, page 104 Figure 8, page 105

Table 1 p. 104 ***Don’t copy Premises of Natural Selection 1. Individuals in a population vary in each generation 2. Some of these variations are genetic, or inherited 3. More individuals are produces than live to grow up and reproduce 4. Individuals with some genes are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other genes

Nature Selects

Table 1 p. 104 *** Don’t copy Conclusion Based on the 4 premises, individuals with genetic traits that make them more likely to grow up and reproduce in the existing environment will become more common in the population from one generation to the next.

Coevolution – the process of two species evolving based on long term interactions between them “evolution together” Ex. Bird beak and flower Artificial Selection – humans select which organism will breed with each other based on desired characteristics – selective breeding Ex. Dogs, plants

Evolution of Resistance Humans can cause populations to evolve unwanted adaptations Resistance – ability of one organism to tolerate a chemical meant to harm or kill it Insects resistant to pesticides Bacteria resistant to antibiotics See Figure 11, page 107

Pesticide Resistance

October 9, 2012 Objective: SWBAT categorize living things based on their characteristics. Do Now: Name the 6 kingdoms that we use to classify living things. HW: Completed Chapter 4 packet due tomorrow 10/10 Ch 4 Test is Friday 10/12

Kingdoms of Life… All living things are classified into 6 kingdoms based on their characteristics

Archaebacteria – Single celled (unicellular) No nucleus (prokaryotic) Reproduce by simply dividing (asexually – binary Fission) Often found in harsh environments (extreme temperatures, high or low pH, high level of salt) Ex. Methanogen, thermophiles

Eubacteria Single celled (unicellular) No nucleus (prokaryotic) Reproduce asexually using binary Fission Found everywhere, some cause disease Breakdown dead organisms (decomposers) Ex. Staph, strep, E. Coli, MRSA

Protists Mostly single celled (unicellular) Nucleus (eukaryotic) Most live in water This is a “catch-all category” Ex. Diatoms, dinoflagellates

Fungi Can be single or multicellular Have a Nucleus (eukaryotic) Absorb food through their body surface Have cell walls Most live on land Breakdown dead organisms (decomposers) Ex. Mushrooms, molds, and yeast

Plants Multicellular (Many celled) Eukaryotic (Have Nucleus) Cell wall Make their own food by photosynthesis Divided into three groups lower plants no seeds or vascular tissue gymnosperms needle like leaves and seeds angiosperms flowering plants with seeds in fruit Ex. Trees, ferns, roses

Animals Ex. Humans, lions, snakes Multicellular Eukaryotic NO cell walls Ingest food and digest it internally Live on both land and in water Divided into 2 groups Invertebrates - no backbone (lobsters) Vertebrates – backbone (fish, birds, reptiles)