China ’ s Input-Output Survey and Its Tabulation Method QI Shuchang Dept. of National Accounts, NBS

Content  China’s Input-Output Survey  Information beyond Input-Output Survey  Compilation Methodology of China’s IOT  Major Issues Encountered in Adopting Compilation Method Suggested by SNA

Brief Review on the National Monetary Input-Output Tables  1981 Monetary Input-Output Tables  1987 Monetary Input-Output Tables  Benchmark Tables  Annual Tables

 Pilot Tables  MPS (Tables of Material Product Sectors)  26 Product Sectors  Organized by SDRC & NBS 1981 Monetary Input-Output Tables

1987 Monetary Input-Output Tables  Compiled Formally and Published  SNA  Concepts and Definitions of Indices with Clear Characteristics of MPS

Benchmark Tables  Since 1987, IO surveys have been conducted and the benchmark tables have been compiled in the year ending with 2 or 7, with the provinces compiling the benchmark tables simultaneously  Benchmark Tables: 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007.

Annual Tables  Since 1990, NBS has compiled the annual tables in the year ending with 0 or 5, with part of the provinces compiling the annual tables simultaneously.  Annual Tables: 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005

I. China ’ s Input-Output Survey In the year (ending with 2 or 7) when the benchmark tables are compiled, NBS conducts the special input-output survey, in order to get the gross input composition of various input- output sectors and the investment composition of fixed assets.

I. China ’ s Input-Output Survey  The Questionnaires: Census questionnaires, focused questionnaires, and typical questionnaires.  The Survey Mode ： Integration of departments and regions.

Regular statistical information, administrative records, statement of final accounts and financial final accounts of departments concerned, etc. For example, gross industrial output value by industry and commodity sector, costs and expenses of industrial enterprises, consumption expenditure of urban and rural households; commodity imports and exports from the Customs; BOP; financial final accounts. II. Information beyond Input- Output Survey

1. Gross Industrial Output Value  For the large-sized and medium-sized enterprises above the designated size, the gross industrial output value is calculated by commodity sector.  The gross output value of commodity sector is divided according to the nature of each commodity produced.

1. Gross Industrial Output Value  Based on the above-mentioned information, output table of large-sized and medium-sized industrial enterprises can be compiled.  (There are 524 small categories by industrial industry.)

2. Costs and Expenses of Industrial Enterprises From 2007, NBS has set up survey system of costs and expenses of industrial enterprises above designated size  Respondents: all the large-sized and medium-sized industrial incorporated enterprises and part of the small- sized industrial incorporated enterprises above the designated size.  Field of Investigation: the detailed items of manufacturing costs, operating expenses, management expenses, financial expenses, etc. up to 116 indicators.

III. Compilation Method of China ’ s IOT  Directly compiling IOT with commodity by commodity  Direct decomposition method is adopted in input- output survey at the level of enterprises in order to get the gross input composition by commodity sector.

III. Compilation Method of China ’ s IOT  Compilation Procedures: a. Calculation of Gross Output by Commodity Sector b. Calculation of Value Added and Its Composition by Commodity Sector c. Calculation of Composition of Intermediate Input by Commodity Sector d. Calculation of Final Use and Its Composition

III. Compilation Method of China ’ s IOT  Compilation Procedures: e. Calculation of gross Output by Commodity Sector at Purchasers’ Prices f. Balance on the Basis of IOT at Purchasers’ Prices g. Compilation of Matrix of Margins h. Compilation of IOT at Producers’ Prices

IV. Main Problems Encountered in Adopting Framework Towards SNA 1. Respondents.  In China, the respondents usually refer to the incorporated enterprises.  In US, Japan, France, Canada and most of the developed countries, the respondents refer to the establishments.  Even in most developing countries in Asia, the survey is focused on the establishments.

IV. Main Problems Encountered in Adopting Framework Towards SNA 2. There are fewer varieties of the output of products, and they are not identical with the requirements of the output value  The gross output value is calculated in factory approach, including the final products and excluding the products produced and consumed by the enterprises themselves.  The output of enterprises includes the products produced and consumed by themselves.

Basic Conditions in Adopting the Supply and Use Framework? Seen from experiences of the developed countries such as US, Japan, Canada, France, etc.

Basic Conditions in Adopting the Supply and Use Framework?  1. Respondents should be the establishments.  2. Focused on the respondents, delivery capacity, sales, sales volume, composition of the manufacturing costs of their thousands of commodities are surveyed.  3. There are statistical information that reflects the supply and demand conditions of the commodities.  4. There are more staff and they are familiar with the production process and the characteristics of the commodities.

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