SEXUAL BEHAVIOR HIV AND OTHER STD PREVENTION Family Life and Sexuality: Methods of Birth Control Erika Frank

Risk of Unintended Pregnancy and Disease with Unprotected Sexual Intercourse  Among high school students in the United States surveyed in 2011, 47.4% had ever had sexual intercourse.  Furthermore, 33.7% had sexual intercourse during the previous 3 months and of these, 39.8% did not use a condom the last time they had sex and 76.7% did not use birth control pills or Depo-Provera (birth control shot) to prevent pregnancy.  Nearly half of the 19 million new STDs each year are among young people aged years. Students your age need to adopt lifelong attitudes and behaviors that support overall health and wellness, especially ones that reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy and other STDs.

Methods of Birth Control What are some examples of birth control methods?  Condoms  Birth Control Pills  Birth Control Patch (Ortho Evra)  Birth Control Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)  Female Condom  Other methods that you brainstormed during the bell ringer?

Effective Prevention Strategies ABSTINENCE is the most effective way to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases

Condoms  Worn on the penis  Made of latex or plastic  Prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection  Can be used with another form of birth control for extra protection  Can be used for vaginal, anal, or oral sex  Effectiveness Each year, 2 out of 100 women whose partners use condoms will become pregnant if they always use them correctly Each year, 18 out of 100 women whose partners use condoms will become pregnant if they don’t always use condoms correctly

Birth Control Pills  Women take pills orally every day to prevent pregnancy  Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections  Made of hormones – estrogen and progestin (combination pills) Keep eggs from leaving the ovaries Make cervical mucus thicker which prevents sperm from getting to the eggs  Effectiveness Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always take the pill each day as directed About 9 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they don’t always take the pill each day as directed Certain medicines and supplements may cause the pill to be less effective

Birth Control Patch (Ortho Evra)  Releases hormones  Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections  Thin plastic patch that sticks to the skin A new patch is placed on the skin once a week for three weeks in a row, followed by a patch-free week  Effectiveness Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always use Ortho Evra as directed About 9 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they don’t always use Ortho Evra as directed May be less effective for women who weigh more than 198 pounds

Birth Control Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)  Small ring placed in the vagina once a month for 3 weeks to prevent pregnancy  Releases estrogen and progestin  Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections  Can be used to control when and how often women get their period, can also be used continuously to eliminate monthly periods  Effectiveness Less than 1 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they always use NuvaRing as directed About 9 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year if they don’t always use NuvaRing as directed

Female Condom  Pouch inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy  Reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infection  Can be used for vaginal and anal intercourse  Effectiveness If women always use the female condom correctly, 5 out of 100 will become pregnant each year If women don’t always use the female condom correctly, 21 out of 100 will become pregnant each year

Valid Sources of Information Internet sources such as…  Planned Parenthood  Web Md.  Center for Disease Control  Womens Health