Lesson Overview Identify how humans tried to fly in ancient times Describe key aviation devices created during ancient times Understand early concepts of flight

How Humans Tried to Fly in Ancient Times And maybe not so ancient….

Flight in Ancient Times Humans have dreamed of taking flight for thousands of years Flight is the act of passing through the air on wings People told tales about flight around the fire at night and handed down these stories to their children

First True Stories of Human Attempts to Fly Some early inventors made devices of lightweight material in imitation of birds’ or bats’ wings As early as the 6th century AD, there has been recoded attempts to fly, generally using kites or gliding flight.

Armen Firman and Ibn Firnas A Moor named Armen Firman made the first known recorded human attempt to fly in 852 AD He put on a huge cloak and jumped from a tower in Cordoba, Spain. He hoped that it would open wide like a bat’s wings to slow him on the way down….it sort of worked. Observing the flight was Ibn Firnas, an early flight engineer who built and flew a more advanced design in 875 AD.

Aviation Devices From Ancient Times

Chinese Advances in Flight The Chinese invented the kite around 1000 BC Used initially as a physiological warfare weapon by Chinese Generals Chinese “Fire Arrows” (1045 AD)

Leonardo da Vinci A visionary pioneer in so many fields, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) revolutionized the concepts of aviation and mechanical design

Daniel Bernoulli The Dutch-born scientist Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) discovered that a fluid has a constant pressure, but when a fluid starts to move faster, the pressure drops

Sir Isaac Newton The Englishman Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) formulated three famous laws of motion

Theory of Flight Newton’s Laws of Motion First Law of Motion “A body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion tends to stay in motion, unless an outside force acts on the body.” It is sometimes referred to as the Law of Inertia. One of the most common places people feel this law is in a fast moving vehicle. If you were standing inside a train and it suddenly stopped, you would continue to move forward even though the train had come to a stop. Newton's Laws of Motion First Law of Motion "A body at rest tends to remain at rest, and a body in motion tends to stay in motion, unless an outside force acts on the body." It is sometimes referred to as the Law of Inertia. One of the most common places people feel this law is in a fast moving vehicle. If you were standing inside a train and it suddenly stopped, you would continue to move forward even though the train had come to a stop.

Force = Mass x Acceleration Theory of Flight Newton’s Laws of Motion Second Law of Motion “The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force, is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force in the same direction as the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.” Hitting a golf ball is a common example of Newton’s second law. The golf club is a force that causes the ball to move (overcoming inertia), and picks up speed (acceleration) and since the golf ball is relatively light, it picks up speed rapidly. Force = Mass x Acceleration F=MxA Second Law of Motion "The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force, is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force in the same direction as the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object." Simply stated: When you hit something, it will pick up speed. The heavier the object is, the less rapidly it will pick up speed. The object picks up speed and continues to move in the same direction from which it was hit. Hitting a golf ball is a common example of Newton's second law. The golf club is a force that causes the ball to move (overcoming inertia), and picks up speed (acceleration) and since the golf ball is relatively light, it picks up speed rapidly.

Theory of Flight Newton’s Laws of Motion Third Law of Motion “Whenever one body exerts a force upon a second body, the second exerts an equal and opposite force upon the first body.” Simply stated, For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” Third Law of Motion "Whenever one body exerts a force upon a second body, the second exerts an equal and opposite force upon the first body." Simply stated, For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Lesson Overview Identify how humans tried to fly in ancient times Describe key aviation devices created during ancient times Understand early concepts of flight